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Agents built on LLMs are increasingly deployed across diverse domains, automating complex decision-making and task execution. However, their autonomy introduces safety risks, including security vulnerabilities, legal violations, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Haoyu Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in scaling to access massive contexts. However, the access is via the latent and uninterpretable attention mechanisms, and LLMs fail to effective process long context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Weili Cao , Xunjian Yin , Bhuwan Dhingra , Shuyan Zhou

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

Large language model (LLM) applications such as agents and domain-specific reasoning increasingly rely on context adaptation: modifying inputs with instructions, strategies, or evidence, rather than weight updates. Prior approaches improve…

Adapting production-level computer vision tools to bespoke scientific datasets is a critical "last mile" bottleneck. Current solutions are impractical: fine-tuning requires large annotated datasets scientists often lack, while manual code…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xuefei , Wang , Kai A. Horstmann , Ethan Lin , Jonathan Chen , Alexander R. Farhang , Sophia Stiles , Atharva Sehgal , Jonathan Light , David Van Valen , Yisong Yue , Jennifer J. Sun

Recent advances in language model (LM) agents and function calling have enabled autonomous, feedback-driven systems to solve problems across various digital domains. To better understand the unique limitations of LM agents, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Dhruv Gautam , Spandan Garg , Jinu Jang , Neel Sundaresan , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

With the rapidly increasing capabilities and adoption of code agents for AI-assisted coding, safety concerns, such as generating or executing risky code, have become significant barriers to the real-world deployment of these agents. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Chengquan Guo , Xun Liu , Chulin Xie , Andy Zhou , Yi Zeng , Zinan Lin , Dawn Song , Bo Li

Agents aspire to eliminate the need for task-specific prompt crafting through autonomous reason-act-observe loops. Still, they are commonly instructed to follow a task-specific plan for guidance, e.g., to resolve software issues following…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shuyang Liu , Saman Dehghan , Jatin Ganhotra , Martin Hirzel , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved programming efficiency, but their performance degrades significantly as requirements scale; when faced with multi-modal documents containing hundreds of scenarios, LLMs often produce incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weiyu Kong , Yun Lin , Xiwen Teoh , Duc-Minh Nguyen , Ruofei Ren , Jiaxin Chang , Haoxu Hu , Haoyu Chen

AI coding agents spend a substantial fraction of their tool calls on undirected codebase exploration. We investigate whether providing agents with formal architecture descriptors can reduce this navigational overhead. We present three…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ruoqi Jin

Enterprise teams building internal coding agents face a gap between prototype performance and production readiness. The root cause is that technical model quality alone is insufficient -- tool design, safety enforcement, state management,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Gustavo Pinto , Pedro Eduardo de Paula Naves , Ana Paula Camargo , Marselle Silva

Verification is critical for improving agents: it provides the reward signal for Reinforcement Learning and enables inference-time gains through Test-Time Scaling (TTS). Despite its importance, verification in software engineering (SWE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Mohit Raghavendra , Anisha Gunjal , Bing Liu , Yunzhong He

Users often interpret and select agent skills through their SKILL markdown specifications. To protect users, existing audits mainly focus on malicious or unsafe skills. We study the complementary question of whether specifications help…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zikai Alex Wen

Software development is a cognitively intensive process requiring multitasking, adherence to evolving workflows, and continuous learning. With the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools, such as conversational agents (CAs), there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Glaucia Melo , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

Third-party skills are becoming the package ecosystem for LLM agents. They package natural-language instructions, helper scripts, templates, documents, and service configuration into reusable workflows. This makes skills useful, but it also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Haomin Zhuang , Hanwen Xing , Yujun Zhou , Yuchen Ma , Yue Huang , Yili Shen , Yufei Han , Xiangliang Zhang

Software development is a complex activity which depends on diverse technologies and people's expertise. The approaches to developing software highly depend on these different characteristics, which are the context developers are subject…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-21 Glaucia Melo , Paulo Alencar , Don Cowan

The rise of multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) and specialized reasoning agents exposes fundamental limitations in today's data management architectures. Traditional databases and data fabrics were designed for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ioana Giurgiu , Michael E. Nidd

AI agentic programming is an emerging paradigm where large language model (LLM)-based coding agents autonomously plan, execute, and interact with tools such as compilers, debuggers, and version control systems. Unlike conventional code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Huanting Wang , Jingzhi Gong , Huawei Zhang , Jie Xu , Zheng Wang

The rapid adoption of AI coding agents has produced a dominant workflow pattern -- often called "vibe coding" -- that prioritizes speed of implementation over deliberate preparation. We argue that this approach creates a systematic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Andrew Zigler