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Many strategic decision-making problems, such as environment design for warehouse robots, can be naturally formulated as bi-level reinforcement learning (RL), where a leader agent optimizes its objective while a follower solves a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Mikoto Kudo , Takumi Tanabe , Akifumi Wachi , Youhei Akimoto

Humans achieve efficient learning by relying on prior knowledge about the structure of naturally occurring tasks. There is considerable interest in designing reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with similar properties. This includes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Jan Humplik , Alexandre Galashov , Leonard Hasenclever , Pedro A. Ortega , Yee Whye Teh , Nicolas Heess

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been shown to be an effective algorithm when an accurate reward model is available. However, such a highly reliable reward model is not available in many real-world tasks. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yuki Ichihara , Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Ryota Mitsuhashi , Eiji Uchibe

Policy gradient methods have shown success in learning control policies for high-dimensional dynamical systems. Their biggest downside is the amount of exploration they require before yielding high-performing policies. In a lifelong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Jorge A. Mendez , Boyu Wang , Eric Eaton

Reinforcement learning methods can achieve significant performance but require a large amount of training data collected on the same robotic platform. A policy trained with expensive data is rendered useless after making even a minor change…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Ali Ghadirzadeh , Xi Chen , Petra Poklukar , Chelsea Finn , Mårten Björkman , Danica Kragic

Standard reinforcement learning methods aim to master one way of solving a task whereas there may exist multiple near-optimal policies. Being able to identify this collection of near-optimal policies can allow a domain expert to efficiently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Muhammad A. Masood , Finale Doshi-Velez

We propose \textit{Meta-Regularization}, a novel approach for the adaptive choice of the learning rate in first-order gradient descent methods. Our approach modifies the objective function by adding a regularization term on the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Guangzeng Xie , Hao Jin , Dachao Lin , Zhihua Zhang

In this paper, we propose a novel meta-learning method in a reinforcement learning setting, based on evolution strategies (ES), exploration in parameter space and deterministic policy gradients. ES methods are easy to parallelize, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Yiming Shen , Kehan Yang , Yufeng Yuan , Simon Cheng Liu

Intelligent agents should have the ability to leverage knowledge from previously learned tasks in order to learn new ones quickly and efficiently. Meta-learning approaches have emerged as a popular solution to achieve this. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Zhao Mandi , Pieter Abbeel , Stephen James

Recent theoretical work studies sample-efficient reinforcement learning (RL) extensively in two settings: learning interactively in the environment (online RL), or learning from an offline dataset (offline RL). However, existing algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Tengyang Xie , Nan Jiang , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong , Yu Bai

Gradient-based optimizers are highly sensitive to design choices in their adaptive learning rate mechanisms. To address this limitation, we introduce POP, a meta-learned Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy that predicts adaptive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Jan Kobiolka , Christian Frey , Gresa Shala , Arlind Kadra , Erind Bedalli , Josif Grabocka

We study the problem of programmatic reinforcement learning, in which policies are represented as short programs in a symbolic language. Programmatic policies can be more interpretable, generalizable, and amenable to formal verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Abhinav Verma , Hoang M. Le , Yisong Yue , Swarat Chaudhuri

Meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) aims to quickly solve new tasks by leveraging knowledge from prior tasks. However, previous studies often assume a single mode homogeneous task distribution, ignoring possible structured heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Zhendong Chu , Hongning Wang

The objective in a traditional reinforcement learning (RL) problem is to find a policy that optimizes the expected value of a performance metric such as the infinite-horizon cumulative discounted or long-run average cost/reward. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Prashanth L. A. , Michael Fu

In Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning, an agent learns to achieve multiple goals with a goal-conditioned policy. During learning, the agent first collects the trajectories into a replay buffer, and later these trajectories are selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Rui Zhao , Xudong Sun , Volker Tresp

Personalization is very powerful in improving the effectiveness of health interventions. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are suitable for learning these tailored interventions from sequential data collected about individuals.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Ali el Hassouni , Mark Hoogendoorn , Martijn van Otterlo , A. E. Eiben , Vesa Muhonen , Eduardo Barbaro

Reinforcement learning considers the problem of finding policies that maximize an expected cumulative reward in a Markov decision process with unknown transition probabilities. In this paper we consider the problem of finding optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Santiago Paternain , Juan Andres Bazerque , Alejandro Ribeiro

Learning to evaluate and improve policies is a core problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Traditional RL algorithms learn a value function defined for a single policy. A recently explored competitive alternative is to learn a single value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Francesco Faccio , Aditya Ramesh , Vincent Herrmann , Jean Harb , Jürgen Schmidhuber

We study the problem of fine-tuning a language model (LM) for a target task by optimally using the information from $n$ auxiliary tasks. This problem has broad applications in NLP, such as targeted instruction tuning and data selection in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Dongyue Li , Ziniu Zhang , Lu Wang , Hongyang R. Zhang

Most reinforcement learning algorithms are inefficient for learning multiple tasks in complex robotic systems, where different tasks share a set of actions. In such environments a compound policy may be learnt with shared neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Parijat Dewangan , S Phaniteja , K Madhava Krishna , Abhishek Sarkar , Balaraman Ravindran