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Large language model (LLM) training today runs on clusters spanning thousands of GPUs. While this scale enables rapid model advances, developing, debugging, and performance-tuning the training framework inevitably becomes complex and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shaoke Xi , ChonLam Lao , Boyi Jia , Jiaqi Gao , Zhipeng Zhang , Jiamin Cao , Brian Sutioso , Erci Xu , Minlan Yu , Kui Ren , Yong Li , Zhengping Qian , Ennan Zhai , Jingren Zhou

Conventional kernel-based machine learning models for ab initio potential energy surfaces, while accurate and convenient in small data regimes, suffer immense computational cost as training set sizes increase. We introduce QML-Lightning, a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-21 Nicholas J. Browning , Felix A. Faber , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld

Training large language models (LLMs) at scale requires parallel execution across thousands of devices, incurring enormous computational costs. Yet, these costly distributed trainings are rarely verified, leaving them prone to silent errors…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Yunchi Lu , Youshan Miao , Cheng Tan , Peng Huang , Yi Zhu , Xian Zhang , Fan Yang

Optimizing GPU kernels manually is a challenging and time-consuming task. With the rapid development of LLMs, automated GPU kernel optimization is gradually becoming a tangible reality. However, current LLM-driven automated optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuxuan Han , Meng-Hao Guo , Zhengning Liu , Wenguang Chen , Shi-Min Hu

The efficiency of GPU kernels is central to the progress of modern AI, yet optimizing them remains a difficult and labor-intensive task due to complex interactions between memory hierarchies, thread scheduling, and hardware-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Juncheng Dong , Yang Yang , Tao Liu , Yang Wang , Feng Qi , Vahid Tarokh , Kaushik Rangadurai , Shuang Yang

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

GPU kernels have come to the forefront of computing due to their utility in varied fields, from high-performance computing to machine learning. A typical GPU compute kernel is invoked millions, if not billions of times in a typical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Khawir Mahmood , Jehandad Khan , Hammad Afzal

GPU architectural simulation is orders of magnitude slower than native execution, necessitating workload sampling for practical speedups. Existing methods rely on hand-crafted features with limited expressiveness, yielding either aggressive…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaqi Wang , Jingwei Sun , Jiyu Luo , Han Li , Guangzhong Sun

GPU kernel optimization has long been a central challenge at the intersection of high-performance computing and machine learning. Efficient kernels are crucial for accelerating large language model (LLM) training and serving, yet attaining…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Anjiang Wei , Tianran Sun , Yogesh Seenichamy , Hang Song , Anne Ouyang , Azalia Mirhoseini , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Improving GPU kernel efficiency is crucial for advancing AI systems. Recent work has explored leveraging large language models (LLMs) for GPU kernel generation and optimization. However, existing LLM-based kernel optimization pipelines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Qitong Sun , Jun Han , Tianlin Li , Zhe Tang , Sheng Chen , Fei Yang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Yang Liu

Machine Learning (ML) models execute several parallel computations including Generalized Matrix Multiplication, Convolution, Dropout, etc. These computations are commonly executed on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), by dividing the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Abhinav Jangda , Saeed Maleki , Maryam Mehri Dehnavi , Madan Musuvathi , Olli Saarikivi

GPU computing is embracing weak memory concurrency for performance improvement. However, compared to CPUs, modern GPUs provide more fine-grained concurrency features such as scopes, have additional properties like divergence, and thereby…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Soham Chakraborty , S. Krishna , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Omkar Tuppe

In high-energy physics, the increasing luminosity and detector granularity at the Large Hadron Collider are driving the need for more efficient data processing solutions. Machine Learning has emerged as a promising tool for reconstructing…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-05-01 Fotis I. Giasemis , Vladimir Lončar , Bertrand Granado , Vladimir Vava Gligorov

Developing efficient GPU kernels is essential for scaling modern AI systems, yet it remains a complex task due to intricate hardware architectures and the need for specialized optimization expertise. Although Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Ali Tehrani , Yahya Emara , Essam Wissam , Wojciech Paluch , Waleed Atallah , Łukasz Dudziak , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah

The usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) for software and test development has continued to increase since LLMs were first introduced, but only recently have the expectations of LLMs become more realistic. Verifying the correctness of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zachariah Sollenberger , Rahul Patel , Saieda Ali Zada , Sunita Chandrasekaran

Recent years have witnessed phenomenal growth in the application, and capabilities of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) due to their high parallel computation power at relatively low cost. However, writing a computationally efficient GPU…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Richard Schoonhoven , Ben van Werkhoven , Kees Joost Batenburg

The ability to model, analyze, and predict execution time of computations is an important building block supporting numerous efforts, such as load balancing, performance optimization, and automated performance tuning for high performance,…

Performance · Computer Science 2020-06-22 James D. Stevens , Andreas Klöckner

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in edge intelligence to power domain-specific applications and personalized services, the quality and efficiency of the LLM post-training phase-including fine-tuning and inference,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shaoyuan Huang , Yunfeng Zhao , Na Yan , Tiancheng Zhang , Xiaokai Wang , Xiaofei Wang , Wenyu Wang , Yansha Deng

As large language models (LLMs) grow in size and deployment scale, quantization has become an essential technique for reducing memory footprint and improving inference efficiency. However, existing quantization toolkits often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Six-bit quantization (FP6) can effectively reduce the size of large language models (LLMs) and preserve the model quality consistently across varied applications. However, existing systems do not provide Tensor Core support for FP6…