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Large-scale ML accelerators rely on large numbers of PEs, imposing strict bounds on the area and energy budget of each PE. Prior work demonstrates that limited dual-issue capabilities can be efficiently integrated into a lightweight…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Luca Colagrande , Luca Benini

The rapid adaptation of data driven AI models, such as deep learning inference, training, Vision Transformers (ViTs), and other HPC applications, drives a strong need for runtime precision configurable different non linear activation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mukul Lokhande , Gopal Raut , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

Quantum circuits utilizing real time feedback techniques (such as active reset and mid-circuit measurement) are a powerful tool for NISQ-era quantum computing. Such techniques are crucial for implementing error correction protocols, and can…

In this work, we discuss our vision for neuromorphic accelerators based on integrated photonics within the framework of the Horizon Europe NEUROPULS project. Augmented integrated photonic architectures that leverage phase-change and III-V…

GRVI is an FPGA-efficient RISC-V RV32I soft processor. Phalanx is a parallel processor and accelerator array framework. Groups of processors and accelerators form shared memory clusters. Clusters are interconnected with each other and with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Jan Gray

Modern data-driven applications expose limitations of von Neumann architectures - extensive data movement, low throughput, and poor energy efficiency. Accelerators improve performance but lack flexibility and require data transfers.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Vincenzo Petrolo , Flavia Guella , Michele Caon , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Guido Masera , Maurizio Martina

Transformer-based foundation models have become crucial for various domains, most notably natural language processing (NLP) or computer vision (CV). These models are predominantly deployed on high-performance GPUs or hardwired accelerators…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Viviane Potocnik , Luca Colagrande , Tim Fischer , Luca Bertaccini , Daniele Jahier Pagliari , Alessio Burrello , Luca Benini

Hardware accelerators for neural networks have shown great promise for both performance and power. These accelerators are at their most efficient when optimized for a fixed functionality. But this inflexibility limits the longevity of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Ayoosh Bansal , Chance Coats , Evan Lissoos , Benjamin Schreiber

Advances in neuroscience uncover the mechanisms employed by the brain to efficiently solve complex learning tasks with very limited resources. However, the efficiency is often lost when one tries to port these findings to a silicon…

Neural networks have proven effective for solving many difficult computational problems. Implementing complex neural networks in software is very computationally expensive. To explore the limits of information processing, it will be…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-04-20 Jeffrey M. Shainline , Sonia M. Buckley , Richard P. Mirin , Sae Woo Nam

The increasing demand for on-device intelligence in Edge AI and TinyML applications requires the efficient execution of modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). While lightweight architectures like MobileNetV2 employ Depthwise Separable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Muhammed Yildirim , Ozcan Ozturk

FPGA-based SmartNICs and IoT devices integrating soft-processors for network function execution have emerged to address the limited hardware reconfigurability of DPUs and MCUs. However, existing FPGA-based solutions lack a highly…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zaid Tahir , Ahmed Sanaullah , Sahan Bandara , Ulrich Drepper , Martin Herbordt

The deployment of Artificial Intelligence on edge devices (TinyML) is often constrained by the high power consumption and latency associated with traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and their reliance on intensive Matrix-Multiply…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Debabrata Das , Yogeeth G. K. , Arnav Gupta

Real-time simulation of a large-scale biologically representative spiking neural network is presented, through the use of a heterogeneous parallelisation scheme and SpiNNaker neuromorphic hardware. A published cortical microcircuit model is…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Oliver Rhodes , Luca Peres , Andrew G. D. Rowley , Andrew Gait , Luis A. Plana , Christian Brenninkmeijer , Steve B. Furber

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

Spiking neural networks excel at event-driven sensing. Yet, maintaining task-relevant context over long timescales both algorithmically and in hardware, while respecting both tight energy and memory budgets, remains a core challenge in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pengfei Sun , Zhe Su , Jascha Achterberg , Giacomo Indiveri , Dan F. M. Goodman , Danyal Akarca

Power consumption has become the major concern in neural network accelerators for edge devices. The novel non-volatile-memory (NVM) based computing-in-memory (CIM) architecture has shown great potential for better energy efficiency.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Haobo Liu , Zhengyang Qian , Wei Wu , Hongwei Ren , Zhiwei Liu , Leibin Ni

Even with generational improvements in DRAM technology, memory access latency still remains the major bottleneck for application accelerators, primarily due to limitations in memory interface IPs which cannot fully account for variations in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Sasindu Wijeratne , Sanket Pattnaik , Zhiyu Chen , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired computational paradigm, enabling energy-efficient data processing through spike-based information transmission. Despite notable advancements in hardware for SNNs, spike encoding…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 MHD Anas Alsakkal , Runze Wang , Piotr Dudek , Jayawan Wijekoon

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) rely heavily on intensive matrix multiplications for attention and feed-forward layers, with the Q, K, and V linear projections in the Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHA) module constituting a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Richie Li , Sicheng Chen