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Neuromorphic computing, inspired by biological neural systems, holds immense promise for ultra-low-power and real-time inference applications. However, limited access to flexible, open-source platforms continues to hinder widespread…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Pracheta Harlikar , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy , Prasanna Date

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer high energy efficiency and event-driven computation, ideal for low-power edge AI. Their hardware implementation on FPGAs, however, faces challenges due to heavy computation, large memory use, and limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mohammad Javad Sekonji , Ali Mahani , Maryam Mirsadeghi , Mahdi Taheri

Edge AI deployment faces critical challenges balancing computational performance, energy efficiency, and resource constraints. This paper presents FPGA-accelerated RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) extensions for efficient neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arya Parameshwara , Santosh Hanamappa Mokashi

FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Ho-Cheung Ng , Cheng Liu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So

FPGA is appropriate for fix-point neural networks computing due to high power efficiency and configurability. However, its design must be intensively refined to achieve high performance using limited hardware resources. We present an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Qingyang Yi , Heming Sun , Masahiro Fujita

This paper introduces the first low-power hardware accelerator for Spiking Transformers, an emerging alternative to traditional artificial neural networks. By modifying the base Spikformer model to use IAND instead of residual addition, the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Bo-Yu Chen , Tian-Sheuan Chang

In the last decade, we have witnessed exponential growth in the complexity of control systems for safety-critical applications (automotive, robots, industrial automation) and their transition to heterogeneous mixed-criticality systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Michael Rogenmoser , Alessandro Ottaviano , Thomas Benz , Robert Balas , Matteo Perotti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

In this work, we present X-HEEP, an open-source, configurable, and extendible RISC-V platform for ultra-low-power edge applications (TinyAI). X-HEEP features the eXtendible Accelerator InterFace (XAIF), which enables seamless integration of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Simone Machetti , Pasquale Davide Schiavone , Giovanni Ansaloni , Miguel Peón-Quirós , David Atienza

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention in edge computing due to their low power consumption and computational efficiency. However, existing implementations either use conventional System on Chip (SoC) architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kanishka Gunawardana , Sanka Peeris , Kavishka Rambukwella , Thamish Wanduragala , Saadia Jameel , Roshan Ragel , Isuru Nawinne

We ported the firmware of the ARTIQ experiment control infrastructure to an embedded system based on a commercial Xilinx Zynq-7000 system-on-chip. It contains high-performance hardwired CPU cores integrated with FPGA fabric. As with…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-01 Chun Kit Lam , Stephan Maka , David Nadlinger , Chris Ballance , Sébastien Bourdeauducq

In this paper, we propose LoopLynx, a scalable dataflow architecture for efficient LLM inference that optimizes FPGA usage through a hybrid spatial-temporal design. The design of LoopLynx incorporates a hybrid temporal-spatial architecture,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jianing Zheng , Gang Chen

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are computational models inspired by the structure and dynamics of biological neuronal networks. Their event-driven nature enables them to achieve high energy efficiency, particularly when deployed on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ashish Gautam , Prasanna Date , Shruti Kulkarni , Robert Patton , Thomas Potok

Manufacturing-viable neuromorphic chips require novel computer architectures to achieve the massively parallel and efficient information processing the brain supports so effortlessly. Emerging event-based architectures are making this dream…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Lennart Bamberg , Arash Pourtaherian , Luc Waeijen , Anupam Chahar , Orlando Moreira

As the demand for compute power in traditional neural networks has increased significantly, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have emerged as a potential solution to increasingly power-hungry neural networks. By operating on 0/1 spikes emitted…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Andrew Fan , Simon D. Levy

As processors increase in complexity, costs grow even more rapidly, both for functional verification and performance validation. Most often, silicon characterizations comprise simple performance counters, which are aggregated and separated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Daniel Ruelas-Petrisko , Farzam Gilani , Anoop Mysore Nataraja , Zoe Taylor , Michael Taylor

Digital neuromorphic processors are emerging as a promising computing substrate for low-power, always-on EdgeAI applications. In this tutorial paper, we outline the main architectural design principles behind fully digital neuromorphic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Amirreza Yousefzadeh

IoT applications are one of the driving forces in making systems energy and power-efficient, given their resource constraints. However, because of security, latency, and transmission, we advocate for local computing through multi-processor…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Anderson I. Silva , Altamiro Susin , Fernanda L. Kastensmidt , Antonio Carlos S. Beck , Jose Rodrigo Azambuja

Real-time systems, particularly those used in domains like automated driving, are increasingly adopting neural networks. From this trend arises the need for high-performance hardware exhibiting predictable timing behavior. While…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Maximilian Kirschner , Konstantin Dudzik , Ben Krusekamp , Jürgen Becker

Modern multicore systems are migrating from homogeneous systems to heterogeneous systems with accelerator-based computing in order to overcome the barriers of performance and power walls. In this trend, FPGA-based accelerators are becoming…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Zhe Lin , Sharad Sinha , Hao Liang , Liang Feng , Wei Zhang

Accelerating the neural network inference by FPGA has emerged as a popular option, since the reconfigurability and high performance computing capability of FPGA intrinsically satisfies the computation demand of the fast-evolving neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yu Gong , Zhihan Xu , Zhezhi He , Weifeng Zhang , Xiaobing Tu , Xiaoyao Liang , Li Jiang
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