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Developing a generative model of realistic order flow in financial markets is a challenging open problem, with numerous applications for market participants. Addressing this, we propose the first end-to-end autoregressive generative model…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-06 Peer Nagy , Sascha Frey , Silvia Sapora , Kang Li , Anisoara Calinescu , Stefan Zohren , Jakob Foerster

The Limit Order Book (LOB), the mostly fundamental data of the financial market, provides a fine-grained view of market dynamics while poses significant challenges in dealing with the esteemed deep models due to its strong autocorrelation,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Muyao Zhong , Yushi Lin , Peng Yang

The limit order book (LOB) depicts the fine-grained demand and supply relationship for financial assets and is widely used in market microstructure studies. Nevertheless, the availability and high cost of LOB data restrict its wider…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-02 Zijian Shi , John Cartlidge

While financial data presents one of the most challenging and interesting sequence modelling tasks due to high noise, heavy tails, and strategic interactions, progress in this area has been hindered by the lack of consensus on quantitative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Peer Nagy , Sascha Frey , Kang Li , Bidipta Sarkar , Svitlana Vyetrenko , Stefan Zohren , Ani Calinescu , Jakob Foerster

Limit Order Books (LOBs) serve as a mechanism for buyers and sellers to interact with each other in the financial markets. Modelling and simulating LOBs is quite often necessary for calibrating and fine-tuning the automated trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-04 Konark Jain , Nick Firoozye , Jonathan Kochems , Philip Treleaven

Market making (MM) is an important research topic in quantitative finance, the agent needs to continuously optimize ask and bid quotes to provide liquidity and make profits. The limit order book (LOB) contains information on all active…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-05-26 Hong Guo , Jianwu Lin , Fanlin Huang

In this paper we consider classes of models that have been recently developed for quantitative finance that involve modelling a highly complex multivariate, multi-attribute stochastic process known as the Limit Order Book (LOB). The LOB is…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-04-23 Gareth W. Peters , Efstathios Panayi , Francois Septier

Simulating limit order books (LOBs) has important applications across forecasting and backtesting for financial market data. However, deep generative models struggle in this context due to the high noise and complexity of the data. Previous…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-08 Alfred Backhouse , Kang Li , Jakob Foerster , Anisoara Calinescu , Stefan Zohren

We develop a large-scale deep learning model to predict price movements from limit order book (LOB) data of cash equities. The architecture utilises convolutional filters to capture the spatial structure of the limit order books as well as…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-01-24 Zihao Zhang , Stefan Zohren , Stephen Roberts

Generative modeling of high-frequency limit order book (LOB) dynamics is a critical yet unsolved challenge in quantitative finance, essential for robust market simulation and strategy backtesting. Existing approaches are often constrained…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-08 Yang Li , Zhi Chen

Maintaining consistent personas is essential for dialogue agents. Although tremendous advancements have been brought, the limited-scale of annotated persona-dense data are still barriers towards training robust and consistent persona-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Haoyu Song , Yan Wang , Kaiyan Zhang , Wei-Nan Zhang , Ting Liu

Introducing an algebraic framework for modeling limit order books (LOBs) with tools from physics and stochastic processes, our proposed framework captures the creation and annihilation of orders, order matching, and the time evolution of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-10 Johannes Bleher , Michael Bleher

With the proliferation of algorithmic high-frequency trading in financial markets, the Limit Order Book has generated increased research interest. Research is still at an early stage and there is much we do not understand about the dynamics…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-02-05 Faisal I Qureshi

In an order-driven financial market, the price of a financial asset is discovered through the interaction of orders - requests to buy or sell at a particular price - that are posted to the public limit order book (LOB). Therefore, LOB data…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-03 Zijian Shi , Yu Chen , John Cartlidge

Financial market simulation (FMS) serves as a promising tool for understanding market anomalies and the underlying trading behaviors. To ensure high-fidelity simulations, it is crucial to calibrate the FMS model for generating data closely…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yuanzhe Li , Yue Wu , Muyao Zhong , Shengcai Liu , Peng Yang

Market by order (MBO) data - a detailed feed of individual trade instructions for a given stock on an exchange - is arguably one of the most granular sources of microstructure information. While limit order books (LOBs) are implicitly…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-28 Zihao Zhang , Bryan Lim , Stefan Zohren

We develop a new market-making model, from the ground up, which is tailored towards high-frequency trading under a limit order book (LOB), based on the well-known classification of order types in market microstructure. Our flexible…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2020-01-31 Baron Law , Frederi Viens

Price Trend Prediction (PTP) based on Limit Order Book (LOB) data is a fundamental challenge in financial markets. Despite advances in deep learning, existing models fail to generalize across different market conditions and assets.…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-09 Leonardo Berti , Gjergji Kasneci

We propose a new model for the level I of a Limit Order Book (LOB), which incorporates the information about the standing orders at the opposite side of the book after each price change and the arrivals of new orders within the spread. Our…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2016-03-15 Jonathan A. Chávez-Casillas , José E. Figueroa-López

Managing high-frequency data in a limit order book (LOB) is a complex task that often exceeds the capabilities of conventional time-series forecasting models. Accurately predicting the entire multi-level LOB, beyond just the mid-price, is…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-05 Jiwon Jung , Kiseop Lee
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