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Running machine learning inference on tiny devices, known as TinyML, is an emerging research area. This task requires generating inference code that uses memory frugally, a task that standard ML frameworks are ill-suited for. A deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Shikhar Jaiswal , Rahul Kiran Kranti Goli , Aayan Kumar , Vivek Seshadri , Rahul Sharma

3D point cloud neural networks have significantly enhanced the perceptual capabilities of resource-limited mobile intelligent systems. However, despite the transformative impact, the point cloud algorithm suffers from substantial memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Dengfeng Wang , Shunqin Cai , Yanan Sun

One of the challenges for Tiny Machine Learning (tinyML) is keeping up with the evolution of Machine Learning models from Convolutional Neural Networks to Transformers. We address this by leveraging a heterogeneous architectural template…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Philip Wiese , Gamze İslamoğlu , Moritz Scherer , Luka Macan , Victor J. B. Jung , Alessio Burrello , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Human activity recognition (HAR) on resource constrained devices requires high accuracy across diverse sensor setups. Selective state space models (SSMs) offer efficient linear time sequence processing, presenting a compelling alternative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mridankan Mandal

Emerging machine learning (ML) models (e.g., transformers) involve memory pin bandwidth-bound matrix-vector (MV) computation in inference. By avoiding pin crossings, processing in memory (PIM) can improve performance and energy for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mingxuan He , Mithuna Thottethodi , T. N. Vijaykumar

TinyML has rose to popularity in an era where data is everywhere. However, the data that is in most demand is subject to strict privacy and security guarantees. In addition, the deployment of TinyML hardware in the real world has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Kavya Kopparapu , Eric Lin

This paper proposes a new hardware accelerator for sparse convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by building a hardware unit to perform the Image to Column (IM2COL) transformation of the input feature map coupled with a systolic array-based…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Mohammadreza Soltaniyeh , Richard P. Martin , Santosh Nagarakatte

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) enhances memory with computational capabilities, potentially solving energy and latency issues associated with data transfer between memory and processors. However, managing concurrent computation and data flow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ahmed Mamdouh , Haoran Geng , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Dayane Reis

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) is accelerating the integration of multimodal assistants into edge devices, where inference is executed under stringent latency and energy constraints, often exacerbated by intermittent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yanru Chen , Runyang Tian , Yue Pan , Zheyu Li , Weihong Xu , Tajana Rosing

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as LLaMA and DeepSeek, are built on transformer architectures, which have become a standard model for achieving state-of-the-art performance in natural language processing tasks. Recently, there has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Bas Ahn , Xingjian Tao , Manil Dev Gomony , Marc Geilen , Henk Corporaal

The advancement of technology has revolutionized the agricultural industry, transitioning it from labor-intensive farming practices to automated, AI-powered management systems. In recent years, more intelligent livestock monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Qianxue Zhang , Eiman Kanjo

Battery-less technology evolved to replace battery usage in space, deep mines, and other environments to reduce cost and pollution. Non-volatile memory (NVM) based processors were explored for saving the system state during a power failure.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-18 SatyaJaswanth Badri , Mukesh Saini , Neeraj Goel

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) promises to revolutionize fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial maintenance by running machine learning models on low-power embedded systems. However, the complex optimizations…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Emil Njor , Colby Banbury , Xenofon Fafoutis

As the increasing complexity of Neural Network(NN) models leads to high demands for computation, AMD introduces a heterogeneous programmable system-on-chip (SoC), i.e., Versal ACAP architectures featured with programmable logic (PL), CPUs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jinming Zhuang , Zhuoping Yang , Peipei Zhou

DL inference queries play an important role in diverse internet services and a large fraction of datacenter cycles are spent on processing DL inference queries. Specifically, the matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) operations of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Benjamin Y. Cho , Jeageun Jung , Mattan Erez

Applications of Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) are promising for embedded systems with hard constraints on computing power. Contrary to conventional neural networks with the floating-point datatype, BNNs use binarized weights and activations…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Mahdi Zahedi , Taha Shahroodi , Stephan Wong , Said Hamdioui

FPGAs are a promising platform for accelerating Deep Learning (DL) applications, due to their high performance, low power consumption, and reconfigurability. Recently, the leading FPGA vendors have enhanced their architectures to more…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Endri Taka , Dimitrios Gourounas , Andreas Gerstlauer , Diana Marculescu , Aman Arora

The fast proliferation of extreme-edge applications using Deep Learning (DL) based algorithms required dedicated hardware to satisfy extreme-edge applications' latency, throughput, and precision requirements. While inference is achievable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yvan Tortorella , Luca Bertaccini , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini , Francesco Conti

Transformers have become the backbone of neural network architecture for most machine learning applications. Their widespread use has resulted in multiple efforts on accelerating attention, the basic building block of transformers. This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Dong Eun Kim , Tanvi Sharma , Kaushik Roy

We present VitaLLM, a mixed precision accelerator that enables ternary weight large language models to run efficiently on edge devices. The design combines two compute cores, a multiplier free TINT core for ternary-INT projections and a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zi-Wei Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang