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Stray light significantly influences the detection capabilities of astronomical telescopes. The actual stray-light level during observations depends not only on the telescope's inherent stray-light suppression capability but also on its…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-11 Xian Jing-Tian , Lin Lin , Fang Yue-Dong , Zhang Xin , Xu You-Hua , Meng Xian-Min , Tian Hao , Zhang Tian-Yi , Ban Zhang , Li Guo-Liang , Xu Shu-Yan , Wang Wei

As a pathfinder of the SiTian project, the Mini-SiTian (MST) array, employed three commercial CMOS cameras, represents a next-generation, cost-effective optical time-domain survey project. This paper focuses primarily on the precise data…

The Chinese Space Station Optical Survey (CSS-OS) is a mission to explore the vast universe. This mission will equip a 2-meter space telescope to perform a multi-band NUV-optical large area survey (over 40% of the sky) and deep survey (~1%…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-11 Xin Zhang , Li Cao , Xianmin Meng

The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope (CSST) will perform a decade-long high-precision wide-field imaging survey that relies on rigorous on-orbit calibration. This necessitates stable celestial benchmark fields to maintain photometric…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-13 Chenxiaoji Ling , Juanjuan Ren , Li Shao , Zhimin Zhou , Peng Wei , Youhua Xu , Jinyu Hu , Xin Zhang , Su Yao , Hu Zhan , Chao Liu

The Chinese Space Station Optical Survey (CSS-OS) is a planned full sky survey operated by the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST). It can simultaneously perform the photometric imaging and spectroscopic slitless surveys, and will probe…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-08 Yan Gong , Xiangkun Liu , Ye Cao , Xuelei Chen , Zuhui Fan , Ran Li , Xiao-Dong Li , Zhigang Li , Xin Zhang , Hu Zhan

The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will enter a low Earth orbit around 2024 and operate for 10 years, with seven of those years devoted to surveying the area of the median-to-high Galactic latitude and median-to-high Ecliptic latitude…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-06 Zhensen Fu , Zhaoxiang Qi , Shilong Liao , Xiyan Peng , Yong Yu , Qiqi Wu , Li Shao , Youhua Xu

The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) provides the observatory with a huge advance in mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy covering the wavelength range of 5 to 28 microns. This paper describes the…

The High Sensitivity Terahertz Detection Module (HSTDM), a key component of the backend modules on board the China Space Station Telescope (CSST), will offer great opportunities for the discovery of Terahertz Astronomy, with implications…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-14 SiYuan Tan , WenYin Duan , YiLong Zhang , YiPing Ao , Yan Gong , ZhenHui Lin , Xuan Zhang , Yong Shi , Jing Tang , Jing Li , RuiQing Mao , Sheng-Cai Shi

Strong gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for investigating dark matter and dark energy properties. With the advent of large-scale sky surveys, we can discover strong lensing systems on an unprecedented scale, which requires efficient…

The upcoming imaging survey of the Chinese Space-station Survey Telescope (CSST) will deliver high-resolution imaging of an unprecedented number of galaxies for galaxy studies. To understand CSST's capability, and to support the preparation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-28 Ziqi Ma , Si-Yue Yu , Taotao Fang , Jinyi Shangguan , Zhao-Yu Li , Luis C. Ho

The SiTian Project represents a groundbreaking initiative in astronomy, aiming to deploy a global network of telescopes, each with a 1-meter aperture, for comprehensive time-domain sky surveys. The network's innovative architecture features…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 Zheng Wang , Jin-hang Zou , Liang Ge , Min He , Jian Li , Yi Hu , Jianfeng Tian

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as an analytical tool for bio-molecular and bio-medical research targets, accurate compound localization and identification. In terms of dedicated instrumentation, this translates into the demand for more…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2013-05-24 Julia H. Jungmann , Ron M. A. Heeren

We describe a camera beam simulator for the LSST which is capable of illuminating a 60mm field at f/1.2 with realistic astronomical scenes, enabling studies of CCD astrometric and photometric performance. The goal is to fully simulate LSST…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-21 J. A. Tyson , J. Sasian , K. Gilmore , A. Bradshaw , C. Claver , M. Klint , G. Muller , G. Poczulp , E. Resseguie

The Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) spectroscopic survey aims to deliver high-quality low-resolution ($R > 200$) slitless spectra for hundreds of millions of targets down to a limiting magnitude of about 21 mag, distributed within a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-05 Haibo Yuan , Dingshan Deng , Yang Sun

The Chinese Space Station Optical Survey (CSS-OS) is a major science project of the Space Application System of the China Manned Space Program. This survey is planned to perform both photometric imaging and slitless spectroscopic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-23 Ye Cao , Yan Gong , Xian-Min Meng , Cong K. Xu , Xuelei Chen , Qi Guo , Ran Li , Dezi Liu , Yongquan Xue , Li Cao , Xiyang Fu , Xin Zhang , Shen Wang , Hu Zhan

Cool Planet Imaging Coronagraph (CPI-C) on Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope (CSST) is proposed to direct image the cool planets around nearby solar-type stars (within 40 pc). The core scientific objective of CPI-C is to conduct…

The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope (CSST) presents significant potential for high-precision astrometry. In this study, we show that the point spread function (PSF) modeled by the discrete PSF with Multi-Gaussian function can…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-15 Jialu Nie , Peng Wei , Zihuang Cao , Yibo Yan , Chao Liu , Hao Tian , Xin Zhang , Haijun Tian

Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies is a powerful tool for studying cosmology and galaxy structure. The China Space Station Telescope (CSST) will revolutionize this field by discovering up to $\sim$100,000 galaxy-scale strong lenses, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Hengyu Wu , Yun Chen , Tonghua Liu , Xiaoyue Cao , Tian Li , Hui Li , Nan Li , Ran Li , Tengpeng Xu

MARST (Multi-channel Antarctic Solar Telescope) aims to observe the Sun in multiple wavebands in Antarctica and will be China's first solar telescope in Antarctica. The telescope has two tubes, corresponding to Photosphere observation which…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-05 Ya-qi Chen , Ming-hao Jia , Guang-yu Zhang , Zhi-yue Wang , Yi-ling Xu , Yi Feng , Jie Chen , Hong-fei Zhang , Peng Jiang , Tuo Ji , Jian Wang