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Benchmarks establish a standardized evaluation framework to systematically assess the performance of large language models (LLMs), facilitating objective comparisons and driving advancements in the field. However, existing benchmarks fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ziqian Zhang , Xingjian Hu , Yue Huang , Kai Zhang , Ruoxi Chen , Yixin Liu , Qingsong Wen , Kaidi Xu , Xiangliang Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Lichao Sun

Figurative language understanding remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), especially for low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce a new idiom dataset, a large-scale, culturally-grounded corpus of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Adib Sakhawat , Shamim Ara Parveen , Md Ruhul Amin , Shamim Al Mahmud , Md Saiful Islam , Tahera Khatun

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased profound capabilities in language understanding and generation, facilitating a wide array of applications. However, there is a notable paucity of detailed, open-sourced methodologies on…

While automatic metrics drive progress in Machine Translation (MT) and Text Summarization (TS), existing metrics have been developed and validated almost exclusively for English and other high-resource languages. This narrow focus leaves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Amir Hossein Yari , Kalmit Kulkarni , Ahmad Raza Khan , Fajri Koto

As generative AI becomes increasingly embedded in everyday workflows, it is important to evaluate its performance in ways that reflect real-world usage rather than abstract notions of intelligence. Unlike many existing benchmarks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Justin K Miller , Wenjia Tang

Recent progress in NLP research has demonstrated remarkable capabilities of large language models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks. While recent multilingual benchmarks have advanced cultural evaluation for LLMs, critical gaps remain in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Nafis Chowdhury , Moinul Haque , Anika Ahmed , Nazia Tasnim , Md. Istiak Hossain Shihab , Sajjadur Rahman , Farig Sadeque

Large language models (LLMs) are used worldwide, yet exhibit Western cultural tendencies. Many countries are now building ``regional'' or ``sovereign'' LLMs, but it remains unclear whether they reflect local values and practices or merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Dhruv Agarwal , Anya Shukla , Sunayana Sitaram , Aditya Vashistha

Since the release of ChatGPT, the field of Natural Language Processing has experienced rapid advancements, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their multimodal counterparts, Large Multimodal Models (LMMs). Despite their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Florian Schneider , Sunayana Sitaram

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable translation capabilities in high-resource language tasks, yet their performance in low-resource languages is hindered by insufficient multilingual data during pre-training. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yinquan Lu , Wenhao Zhu , Lei Li , Yu Qiao , Fei Yuan

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Large-Language Models (LLMs) are changing the way learners acquire knowledge outside the classroom setting. Previous studies have shown that LLMs seem effective in generating to short and simple questions in introductory CS courses using…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yihan Zhang , Brigitte Pientka , Xujie Si

Large language models (LLMs) have become the foundation of many applications, leveraging their extensive capabilities in processing and understanding natural language. While many open-source LLMs have been released with technical reports,…

Large Language models (LLMs) have been prominent for language translation, including low-resource languages. There has been limited study on the assessment of the quality of translations generated by LLMs, including Gemini, GPT, and Google…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Rohitash Chandra , Aryan Chaudhari , Yeshwanth Rayavarapu

Despite the recent ubiquity of large language models and their high zero-shot prompted performance across a wide range of tasks, it is still not known how well they perform on tasks which require processing of potentially idiomatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dylan Phelps , Thomas Pickard , Maggie Mi , Edward Gow-Smith , Aline Villavicencio

Multilingual Large Language Models (MLLMs) represent a pivotal advancement in democratizing artificial intelligence across linguistic boundaries. While theoretical foundations are well-established, practical implementation guidelines remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Junhua Liu , Bin Fu

Each new generation of English-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibits enhanced cross-lingual transfer capabilities and significantly outperforms older LLMs on low-resource languages. This prompts the question: Is there a need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tamzeed Mahfuz , Satak Kumar Dey , Ruwad Naswan , Hasnaen Adil , Khondker Salman Sayeed , Haz Sameen Shahgir

This paper investigates the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) using 50 newly constructed high-school-level word problems. Unlike prior studies that focus solely on answer correctness, we rigorously analyze…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Johan Boye , Birger Moell

Although recent advances in scaling large language models (LLMs) have resulted in improvements on many NLP tasks, it remains unclear whether these models trained primarily with general web text are the right tool in highly specialized,…

Low-resource languages such as Sinhala are often overlooked by open-source Large Language Models (LLMs). In this research, we extend an existing multilingual LLM (Llama-3-8B) to better serve Sinhala. We enhance the LLM tokenizer with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 H. W. K. Aravinda , Rashad Sirajudeen , Samith Karunathilake , Nisansa de Silva , Surangika Ranathunga , Rishemjit Kaur

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in low-resource and linguistically diverse languages remains a significant challenge in NLP, particularly for languages using non-Latin scripts like those spoken in India. Existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Sshubam Verma , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Vishwajeet Kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen