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Engelfriet and Vereijken have shown that linear graph grammars based on hyperedge replacement generate graph languages that can be considered as interpretations of regular string languages over typed symbols. In this paper we show that…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Frank Drewes , Berthold Hoffmann , Mark Minas

Teaching a deep reinforcement learning (RL) agent to follow instructions in multi-task environments is a challenging problem. We consider that user defines every task by a linear temporal logic (LTL) formula. However, some causal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri

Constructing an accurate system model for formal model verification can be both resource demanding and time-consuming. To alleviate this shortcoming, algorithms have been proposed for automatically learning system models based on observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-12-18 Hua Mao , Yingke Chen , Manfred Jaeger , Thomas D. Nielsen , Kim G. Larsen , Brian Nielsen

Recent work on neuro-symbolic inductive logic programming has led to promising approaches that can learn explanatory rules from noisy, real-world data. While some proposals approximate logical operators with differentiable operators from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Prithviraj Sen , Breno W. S. R. de Carvalho , Ryan Riegel , Alexander Gray

The trade-off between expressiveness and interpretability remains a core challenge when building human-centric predictive models for classification and decision-making. While symbolic rules offer interpretability, they often lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Ruochen Wang , Si Si , Felix Yu , Dorothea Wiesmann , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Inderjit Dhillon

Discovering the symbols and rules that can be used in long-horizon planning from a robot's unsupervised exploration of its environment and continuous sensorimotor experience is a challenging task. The previous studies proposed learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Alper Ahmetoglu , Erhan Oztop , Emre Ugur

Symbolic logical reasoning is a critical yet underexplored capability of large language models (LLMs), providing reliable and verifiable decision-making in high-stakes domains such as mathematical reasoning and legal judgment. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xinglang Zhang , Yunyao Zhang , ZeLiang Chen , Junqing Yu , Wei Yang , Zikai Song

The objective of automata learning is to reconstruct the implementation of a hidden automaton, to which only a teacher has access. The learner can ask certain kinds of queries to the teacher to gain more knowledge about the hidden…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Thorsten Wißmann

The prevailing question in LM performing arithmetic is whether these models learn to truly compute or if they simply master superficial pattern matching. In this paper, we argues for the latter, presenting evidence that LMs act as greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Chunyuan Deng , Zhiqi Li , Roy Xie , Ruidi Chang , Hanjie Chen

We present a complete theoretical and empirical framework establishing feedforward neural networks as universal finite-state machines (N-FSMs). Our results prove that finite-depth ReLU and threshold networks can exactly simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sahil Rajesh Dhayalkar

We study monoidal transducers, transition systems arising as deterministic automata whose transitions also produce outputs in an arbitrary monoid, for instance allowing outputs to commute or to cancel out. We use the categorical framework…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Quentin Aristote

One of the most fundamental problems in computational learning theory is the the problem of learning a finite automaton $A$ consistent with a finite set $P$ of positive examples and with a finite set $N$ of negative examples. By…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Jonas Lingg , Mateus de Oliveira Oliveira , Petra Wolf

Mathematical reasoning is one of the crucial abilities of general artificial intelligence, which requires machines to master mathematical logic and knowledge from solving problems. However, existing approaches are not transparent (thus not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Jiayu Liu , Zhenya Huang , Chengxiang Zhai , Qi Liu

L-systems can be made to model and create simulations of many biological processes, such as plant development. Finding an L-system for a given process is typically solved by hand, by experts, in a massively time-consuming process. It would…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Ali Lotfi , Ian McQuillan , Steven Rayan

We introduce a new algorithm for approximation by rational functions on a real or complex set of points, implementable in 40 lines of Matlab and requiring no user input parameters. Even on a disk or interval the algorithm may outperform…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-08-26 Yuji Nakatsukasa , Olivier Sète , Lloyd N. Trefethen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, yet their deployment in high-stakes domains is hindered by inherent limitations in trustworthiness, including hallucinations, instability, and a lack of transparency.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger

Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms are known to scale poorly to environments with many available actions, requiring numerous samples to learn an optimal policy. The traditional approach of considering the same fixed action space in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Leo Ardon , Alberto Pozanco , Daniel Borrajo , Sumitra Ganesh

Existing math datasets evaluate the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) by either using the final answer or the intermediate reasoning steps derived from static examples. However, the former approach fails to surface model's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xiaodong Yu , Ben Zhou , Hao Cheng , Dan Roth

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their remarkable capabilities in text understanding and generation. However, even stronger LLMs are susceptible to acquiring erroneous or obsolete information from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Shiwen Ni , Dingwei Chen , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu , Ruifeng Xu , Min Yang

Affine finite automata (AfA) can be more succinct than probabilistic and quantum finite automata when recognizing some regular languages with bounded-error. In this paper, we improve previously known constructions given for the succinctness…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Abuzer Yakaryılmaz