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Property Specification Patterns (PSPs) have been proposed to solve recurring specification needs, to ease the formalization of requirements, and enable automated verification thereof. In this paper, we extend PSPs by considering Boolean as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Massimo Narizzano , Luca Pulina , Armando Tacchella , Simone Vuotto

With the proliferation of increasingly complicated Deep Learning architectures, data synthesis is a highly promising technique to address the demand of data-hungry models. However, reliably assessing the quality of a 'synthesiser' model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Julia A. Meister , Khuong An Nguyen

Despite great advances in program synthesis techniques, they remain algorithmic black boxes. Although they guarantee that when synthesis is successful, the implementation satisfies the specification, they provide no additional information…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Amirmohammad Nazari , Souti Chattopadhyay , Swabha Swayamdipta , Mukund Raghothaman

The unrealizability of a specification is often due to the assumption that the behavior of the environment is unrestricted. In this paper, we present algorithms for synthesis in bounded environments, where the environment can only generate…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Rayna Dimitrova , Bernd Finkbeiner , Hazem Torfah

Recently, dataset-generation-based zero-shot learning has shown promising results by training a task-specific model with a dataset synthesized from large pre-trained language models (PLMs). The final task-specific model often achieves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Jiacheng Ye , Jiahui Gao , Jiangtao Feng , Zhiyong Wu , Tao Yu , Lingpeng Kong

Large language models can generate plausible code, but remain brittle for formal verification in proof assistants such as Lean. A central scalability challenge is that verified synthesis requires consistent artifacts across several coupled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Robert Joseph George , Carson Eisenach , Udaya Ghai , Dominique Perrault-Joncas , Anima Anandkumar , Dean Foster

We address generating theorems from a given set of axioms, without proof goal, aiming at value from a mathematical point of view or as lemmas for automated proving. As benchmark, we convert a fragment of the Metamath database set.mm. Our…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Christoph Wernhard

We present an algorithm for synthesizing program loops satisfying a given polynomial loop invariant. The class of loops we consider can be modeled by a system of algebraic recurrence equations with constant coefficients. We turn the task of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Andreas Humenberger , Laura Kovács

Training models on synthetic data has emerged as an increasingly important strategy for improving the performance of generative AI. This approach is particularly helpful for large multimodal models (LMMs) due to the relative scarcity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Gabriela Ben Melech Stan , Estelle Aflalo , Avinash Madasu , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

The parameter synthesis problem for parametric timed automata is undecidable in general even for very simple reachability properties. In this paper we introduce restrictions on parameter valuations under which the parameter synthesis…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-07 Peter Bezděk , Nikola Beneš , Jiří Barnat , Ivana Černá

This work introduces (1) a technique that allows large language models (LLMs) to leverage user-provided code when solving programming tasks and (2) a method to iteratively generate modular sub-functions that can aid future code generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Patrick Hajali , Ignas Budvytis

A major challenge in applying machine learning to automated theorem proving is the scarcity of training data, which is a key ingredient in training successful deep learning models. To tackle this problem, we propose an approach that relies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Vlad Firoiu , Eser Aygun , Ankit Anand , Zafarali Ahmed , Xavier Glorot , Laurent Orseau , Lei Zhang , Doina Precup , Shibl Mourad

Automated unit test generation is an established research field that has so far focused on statically-typed programming languages. The lack of type information in dynamically-typed programming languages, such as Python, inhibits test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Lukas Krodinger , Stephan Lukasczyk , Gordon Fraser

We introduce probabilistic language tries (PLTs), a unified representation that makes explicit the prefix structure implicitly defined by any generative model over sequences. By assigning to each outgoing edge the conditional probability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Gregory Magarshak

Automatic synthesis of hardware components from declarative specifications is an ambitious endeavor in computer aided design. Existing synthesis algorithms are often implemented with Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs), inheriting their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Roderick Bloem , Robert Koenighofer , Martina Seidl

Typestate systems ensure many desirable properties of imperative programs, including initialization of object fields and correct use of stateful library interfaces. Abstract sets with cardinality constraints naturally generalize typestate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2013-02-14 Bruno Marnette , Viktor Kuncak , Martin Rinard

Finding interesting patterns is a challenging task in data mining. Constraint based mining is a well-known approach to this, and one for which constraint programming has been shown to be a well-suited and generic framework. Dominance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Gökberk Koçak , Özgür Akgün , Tias Guns , Ian Miguel

Automated unit test generation has been widely studied, with Large Language Models (LLMs) recently showing significant potential. Moreover, in the context of unit test generation, these tools prioritize high code coverage, often at the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Zhe Zhang , Xingyu Liu , Yuanzhang Lin , Xiang Gao , Hailong Sun , Yuan Yuan

Multi-modal program synthesis refers to the task of synthesizing programs (code) from their specification given in different forms, such as a combination of natural language and examples. Examples provide a precise but incomplete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Kia Rahmani , Mohammad Raza , Sumit Gulwani , Vu Le , Daniel Morris , Arjun Radhakrishna , Gustavo Soares , Ashish Tiwari

Existing Programming-By-Example (PBE) systems often rely on simplified benchmarks that fail to capture the high structural complexity-such as deeper nesting and frequent Unions-of real-world regexes. To overcome the resulting performance…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Seongmin Kim , Hyunjoon Cheon , Su-Hyeon Kim , Yo-Sub Han , Sang-Ki Ko