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Transformer-based large language models face severe scalability challenges in long-context generation due to the computational and memory costs of full-context attention. Under practical computation and memory constraints, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xianpeng Shang , Jiang Li , Zehua Duo , Qianyi Cai , Xiangdong Su

A new line of research for feature selection based on neural networks has recently emerged. Despite its superiority to classical methods, it requires many training iterations to converge and detect informative features. The computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ghada Sokar , Zahra Atashgahi , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Decebal Constantin Mocanu

Sparsity has long been a central theme in LLM efficiency, but its role in context processing remains unresolved. As LLM workloads shift toward longer contexts and agentic interactions, the compute and memory bottlenecks of attention become…

Long-context decoding in LLMs is IO-bound: each token re-reads an ever-growing KV cache. Prior accelerations cut bytes via compression, which lowers fidelity, or selection/eviction, which restricts what remains accessible, and both can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jinghan Yao , Sam Adé Jacobs , Walid Krichene , Masahiro Tanaka , Dhabaleswar K Panda

Recently, there has been growing interest in collecting reasoning-intensive pretraining data to improve LLMs' complex reasoning ability. Prior approaches typically rely on supervised classifiers to identify such data, which requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Kai Hua , Steven Wu , Ge Zhang , Ke Shen

As long-context inference becomes central to large language models (LLMs), attention over growing key-value caches emerges as a dominant decoding bottleneck, motivating sparse attention for scalable inference. Fixed-budget top-k sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Wentao Ni , Kangqi Zhang , Zhongming Yu , Oren Nelson , Mingu Lee , Hong Cai , Fatih Porikli , Jongryool Kim , Zhijian Liu , Jishen Zhao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance their perceptual capabilities by integrating visual and textual information. However, processing the massive number of visual tokens incurs a significant computational cost. Existing analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

Key frame selection in video understanding presents significant challenges. Traditional top-K selection methods, which score frames independently, often fail to optimize the selection as a whole. This independent scoring frequently results…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yiqing Yang , Kin-Man Lam

Diffusion generative models have become the standard for producing high-quality, coherent video content, yet their slow inference speeds and high computational demands hinder practical deployment. Although both quantization and sparsity can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Akide Liu , Zeyu Zhang , Zhexin Li , Xuehai Bai , Yizeng Han , Jiasheng Tang , Yuanjie Xing , Jichao Wu , Mingyang Yang , Weihua Chen , Jiahao He , Yuanyu He , Fan Wang , Gholamreza Haffari , Bohan Zhuang

Efficient Transformers have been developed for long sequence modeling, due to their subquadratic memory and time complexity. Sparse Transformer is a popular approach to improving the efficiency of Transformers by restricting self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Aosong Feng , Irene Li , Yuang Jiang , Rex Ying

Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) requires significant memory, often exceeding the capacity of a single GPU. A common solution to this memory challenge is offloading compute and data from the GPU to the CPU. However, this approach is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Siyuan Chen , Zhuofeng Wang , Zelong Guan , Yudong Liu , Phillip B. Gibbons

Effective attention modules have played a crucial role in the success of Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), but the quadratic time and memory complexities of these attention modules also pose a challenge when processing long…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong Sun

Optimizing the Key-Value (KV) cache of the Large Language Model (LLM) has been considered critical to saving the cost of inference. Most of the existing KV-cache compression algorithms attempted to sparsify the sequence of tokens by taking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Zihao Wang , Bin Cui , Shaoduo Gan

Attention computation takes both the time complexity of $O(n^2)$ and the space complexity of $O(n^2)$ simultaneously, which makes deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in streaming applications that involve long contexts requiring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Raghav Addanki , Chenyang Li , Zhao Song , Chiwun Yang

Long-context inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the quadratic computation complexity of attention and the substantial memory footprint of Key-Value (KV) caches. While existing sparse attention mechanisms attempt to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xuan Ai , Qingqing Yang , Peng Wang , Lei Deng , Lin Zhang , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang

Recent diffusion models enable high-quality video generation, but suffer from slow runtimes. The large transformer-based backbones used in these models are bottlenecked by spatiotemporal attention. In this paper, we identify that a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Shai Yehezkel , Shahar Yadin , Noam Elata , Yaron Ostrovsky-Berman , Bahjat Kawar

As the length of input text increases, the key-value (KV) cache in LLMs imposes prohibitive GPU memory costs and limits long-context inference on resource constrained devices. Existing approaches, such as KV quantization and pruning, reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Tenghui Li , Guoxu Zhou , Xuyang Zhao , Yuning Qiu , Qibin Zhao

Long video understanding is a complex task that requires both spatial detail and temporal awareness. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) obtain frame-level understanding capabilities through multi-frame input, they suffer from information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Ziyi Wang , Haoran Wu , Yiming Rong , Deyang Jiang , Yixin Zhang , Yunlong Zhao , Shuang Xu , Bo XU

Mixed-precision inference techniques reduce the memory and computational demands of Large Language Models (LLMs) by applying hybrid precision formats to model weights, activations, and KV caches. However, existing systems struggle to (i)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Li Zhang , Youhe Jiang , Guoliang He , Xin Chen , Han Lv , Qian Yao , Ningsheng Ma , Fangcheng Fu , Kai Chen