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Multimodal representation learning is fundamentally about transforming incomparable modalities into comparable representations. While prior research primarily focused on explicitly aligning these representations through targeted learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Megan Tjandrasuwita , Chanakya Ekbote , Liu Ziyin , Paul Pu Liang

Multimodal representation learning aims to construct a shared embedding space in which heterogeneous modalities are semantically aligned. Despite strong empirical results, InfoNCE-based objectives introduce inherent conflicts that yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Wenzhe Yin , Pan Zhou , Zehao Xiao , Jie Liu , Shujian Yu , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Efstratios Gavves

Multimodal learning has attracted increasing attention due to its practicality. However, it often suffers from insufficient optimization, where the multimodal model underperforms even compared to its unimodal counterparts. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shicai Wei , Chunbo Luo , Qiang Zhu , Yang Luo

Many real-world applications require an agent to make robust and deliberate decisions with multimodal information (e.g., robots with multi-sensory inputs). However, it is very challenging to train the agent via reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jinming Ma , Feng Wu , Yingfeng Chen , Xianpeng Ji , Yu Ding

Training multimodal networks requires a vast amount of data due to their larger parameter space compared to unimodal networks. Active learning is a widely used technique for reducing data annotation costs by selecting only those samples…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Meng Shen , Yizheng Huang , Jianxiong Yin , Heqing Zou , Deepu Rajan , Simon See

Multimodal learning, which integrates data from diverse sensory modes, plays a pivotal role in artificial intelligence. However, existing multimodal learning methods often struggle with challenges where some modalities appear more dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Xiaohui Zhang , Jaehong Yoon , Mohit Bansal , Huaxiu Yao

Multimodal representation learning, exemplified by multimodal contrastive learning (MMCL) using image-text pairs, aims to learn powerful representations by aligning cues across modalities. This approach relies on the core assumption that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yichao Cai , Yuhang Liu , Erdun Gao , Tianjiao Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Anton van den Hengel , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Combining multimodal data is a key issue in a wide range of machine learning tasks, including many remote sensing problems. In Earth observation, early multimodal data fusion methods were based on specific neural network architectures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Romain Thoreau , Jessie Levillain , Dawa Derksen

Multimodal learning often encounters the under-optimized problem and may perform worse than unimodal learning. Existing approaches attribute this issue to imbalanced learning across modalities and tend to address it through gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Shicai Wei , Chunbo Luo , Yang Luo

Multimodal learning integrates information from different modalities to enhance model performance, yet it often suffers from modality imbalance, where dominant modalities overshadow weaker ones during joint optimization. This paper reveals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xiaoyu Ma , Hao Chen

Existing multimodal tasks mostly target at the complete input modality setting, i.e., each modality is either complete or completely missing in both training and test sets. However, the randomly missing situations have still been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Wei Han , Hui Chen , Min-Yen Kan , Soujanya Poria

Traditional multimodal learners find unified representations for tasks like visual question answering, but rely heavily on paired datasets. However, an overlooked yet potentially powerful question is: can one leverage auxiliary unpaired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Sharut Gupta , Shobhita Sundaram , Chenyu Wang , Stefanie Jegelka , Phillip Isola

Multi-modal learning is a fast growing area in artificial intelligence. It tries to help machines understand complex things by combining information from different sources, like images, text, and audio. By using the strengths of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Qihang Jin , Enze Ge , Yuhang Xie , Hongying Luo , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Chia Xin Liang , Jibin Guan , Joe Yeong , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao

Multimodal learning systems often encounter challenges related to modality imbalance, where a dominant modality may overshadow others, thereby hindering the learning of weak modalities. Conventional approaches often force weak modalities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Baoquan Gong , Xiyuan Gao , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu , Bing Cao

Multi-modal learning relates information across observation modalities of the same physical phenomenon to leverage complementary information. Most multi-modal machine learning methods require that all the modalities used for training are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Vandana Rajan , Alessio Brutti , Andrea Cavallaro

Creating a meaningful representation by fusing single modalities (e.g., text, images, or audio) is the core concept of multimodal learning. Although several techniques for building multimodal representations have been proven successful,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Maciej Pawłowski , Anna Wróblewska , Sylwia Sysko-Romańczuk

The strength of multimodal learning lies in its ability to integrate information from various sources, providing rich and comprehensive insights. However, in real-world scenarios, multi-modal systems often face the challenge of dynamic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xiyuan Gao , Bing Cao , Pengfei Zhu , Nannan Wang , Qinghua Hu

Multimodal deep learning systems which employ multiple modalities like text, image, audio, video, etc., are showing better performance in comparison with individual modalities (i.e., unimodal) systems. Multimodal machine learning involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Anil Rahate , Rahee Walambe , Sheela Ramanna , Ketan Kotecha

Multimodal learning assumes all modality combinations of interest are available during training to learn cross-modal correspondences. In this paper, we challenge this modality-complete assumption for multimodal learning and instead strive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunhua Zhang , Hazel Doughty , Cees G. M. Snoek

Multimodal learning, which integrates diverse data sources such as images, text, and structured data, has proven superior to unimodal counterparts in high-stakes decision-making. However, while performance gains remain the gold standard for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Kishore Sampath , Pratheesh , Ayaazuddin Mohammad , Resmi Ramachandranpillai
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