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Providing fast and accurate solutions to partial differential equations is a problem of continuous interest to the fields of applied mathematics and physics. With the recent advances in machine learning, the adoption learning techniques in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 S. Mohammad H. Hashemi , Demetri Psaltis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) solve time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning a mesh-free, differentiable solution that can be evaluated anywhere in space and time. However, standard space--time PINNs take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen-Yang Dai , Che-Chia Chang , Te-Sheng Lin , Ming-Chih Lai , Chieh-Hsin Lai

Inverse problems in partial differential equations (PDEs) involve estimating the physical parameters of a system from observed spatiotemporal solution fields. Neural networks are well-suited for PDE parameter estimation due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Divyam Goel , Nithin Chalapathi , Sanjeev Raja , Aditi S. Krishnapriyan

Traditional physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) do not always satisfy physics based constraints, especially when the constraints include differential operators. Rather, they minimize the constraint violations in a soft way. Strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Rahul Golder , Bimol Nath Roy , M. M. Faruque Hasan

A significant advancement in Neural Network (NN) research is the integration of domain-specific knowledge through custom loss functions. This approach addresses a crucial challenge: how can models utilize physics or mathematical principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah Mortezanejad , Ruochen Wang , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a fundamental role in modeling and simulating problems across a wide range of disciplines. Recent advances in deep learning have shown the great potential of physics-informed neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Pu Ren , Chengping Rao , Yang Liu , Jianxun Wang , Hao Sun

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have frequently been used for the numerical approximation of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The goal of this paper is to construct PINNs along with a computable upper bound of the error,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-19 Lewin Ernst , Karsten Urban

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are indispensable for modeling many physical phenomena and also commonly used for solving image processing tasks. In the latter area, PDE-based approaches interpret image data as discretizations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Lars Ruthotto , Eldad Haber

We revisit the original approach of using deep learning and neural networks to solve differential equations by incorporating the knowledge of the equation. This is done by adding a dedicated term to the loss function during the optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Hubert Baty , Leo Baty

We extend the finite element interpolated neural network (FEINN) framework from partial differential equations (PDEs) with weak solutions in $H^1$ to PDEs with weak solutions in $H(\textbf{curl})$ or $H(\textbf{div})$. To this end, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-17 Santiago Badia , Wei Li , Alberto F. Martín

In recent years a large literature on deep learning based methods for the numerical solution partial differential equations has emerged; results for integro-differential equations on the other hand are scarce. In this paper we study deep…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-27 Rüdiger Frey , Verena Köck

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

In this paper, we propose Neumann Series Neural Operator (NSNO) to learn the solution operator of Helmholtz equation from inhomogeneity coefficients and source terms to solutions. Helmholtz equation is a crucial partial differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-25 Fukai Chen , Ziyang Liu , Guochang Lin , Junqing Chen , Zuoqiang Shi

Neural networks are universal approximators and are studied for their use in solving differential equations. However, a major criticism is the lack of error bounds for obtained solutions. This paper proposes a technique to rigorously…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Shuheng Liu , Xiyue Huang , Pavlos Protopapas

We investigate numerous structural connections between numerical algorithms for partial differential equations (PDEs) and neural architectures. Our goal is to transfer the rich set of mathematical foundations from the world of PDEs to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Tobias Alt , Karl Schrader , Matthias Augustin , Pascal Peter , Joachim Weickert

We introduce physics informed neural networks -- neural networks that are trained to solve supervised learning tasks while respecting any given law of physics described by general nonlinear partial differential equations. In this second…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Maziar Raissi , Paris Perdikaris , George Em Karniadakis

We introduce a novel neural operator architecture designed to approximate solutions of linear elliptic partial differential equations with high-contrast, spatially varying coefficients. The network, termed the Iterated V-shaped Net…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Shan Zhong , George Biros

This paper proposes a novel neural network framework, denoted as spectral integrated neural networks (SINNs), for resolving three-dimensional forward and inverse dynamic problems. In the SINNs, the spectral integration method is applied to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lin Qiu , Fajie Wang , Wenzhen Qu , Yan Gu , Qing-Hua Qin

We develop a framework for estimating unknown partial differential equations from noisy data, using a deep learning approach. Given noisy samples of a solution to an unknown PDE, our method interpolates the samples using a neural network,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Ali Hasan , João M. Pereira , Robert Ravier , Sina Farsiu , Vahid Tarokh

Neural network-based approaches for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) have recently received special attention. However, the large majority of neural PDE solvers only apply to rectilinear domains, and do not systematically…