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Related papers: CURE: Cultural Understanding and Reasoning Evaluat…

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Despite strong performance on code generation tasks, it remains unclear whether large language models (LLMs) genuinely reason about code execution. Existing code reasoning benchmarks primarily evaluate final output correctness under a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jun Gao , Yun Peng , Qian Qiao , Changhai Zhou , Yuhua Zhou , Shiyang Zhang , Shichao Weng , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoxue Ren

As LLMs are increasingly deployed in global applications, the importance of cultural sensitivity becomes paramount, ensuring that users from diverse backgrounds feel respected and understood. Cultural harm can arise when these models fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Hari Shrawgi , Rajarshi Mandal , Avik Halder , Shanu Kumar , Sagnik Basu , Parag Agrawal , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at visual description yet remain under-validated for cultural interpretation. Existing benchmarks assess perception without interpretation, and common evaluation proxies, such as automated metrics and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Haorui Yu , Xuehang Wen , Fengrui Zhang , Qiufeng Yi

The advanced reasoning capabilities of Large Reasoning Models enable them to thoroughly understand and apply safety policies through deliberate thought processes, thereby improving the models' safety. Beyond safety, these models must also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Jitao Sang

Correct answers do not necessarily reflect cultural understanding. We introduce CRaFT, an explanation-based multilingual evaluation framework designed to assess how large language models (LLMs) reason across cultural contexts. Rather than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Shehenaz Hossain , Haithem Afli

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve widespread deployment across diverse cultural contexts, ensuring their cultural competence becomes critical for responsible AI systems. While prior work has evaluated cultural awareness in text-only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Arka Mukherjee , Shreya Ghosh

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have established them as powerful tools across numerous domains. However, persistent concerns about embedded biases, such as gender, racial, and cultural biases arising from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hadi Mohammadi , Yasmeen F. S. S. Meijer , Efthymia Papadopoulou , Ayoub Bagheri

Cultural competence, defined as the ability to understand and adapt to multicultural contexts, is increasingly vital for large language models (LLMs) in global environments. While several cultural benchmarks exist to assess LLMs' cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xinyu Zhang , Pei Zhang , Shuang Luo , Jialong Tang , Yu Wan , Baosong Yang , Fei Huang

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing the cultural competence of large language models (LLMs) in Persian. Existing Persian cultural benchmarks rely predominantly on multiple-choice formats and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Reihaneh Iranmanesh , Saeedeh Davoudi , Pasha Abrishamchian , Ophir Frieder , Nazli Goharian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) raises concerns regarding their cultural misalignment and potential ramifications on individuals and societies with diverse cultural backgrounds. While the discourse has focused mainly on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Reem I. Masoud , Ziquan Liu , Martin Ferianc , Philip Treleaven , Miguel Rodrigues

Although recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown rapid improvement on reasoning benchmarks in English, the evaluation of such LLMs' multilingual reasoning capability across diverse languages and cultural contexts remains limited.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Alexander R. Fabbri , Diego Mares , Jorge Flores , Meher Mankikar , Ernesto Hernandez , Dean Lee , Bing Liu , Chen Xing

LLMs as intelligent agents are being increasingly applied in scenarios where human interactions are involved, leading to a critical concern about whether LLMs are faithful to the variations in culture across regions. Several works have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Nicholas Sukiennik , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Large language models (LLMs) often produce unsupported or unverifiable content, known as "hallucinations." To mitigate this, retrieval-augmented LLMs incorporate citations, grounding the content in verifiable sources. Despite such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Weijia Zhang , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Yifei Yuan , Jiahuan Pei , Jia-Hong Huang , Evangelos Kanoulas

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly accessible in many countries, it is essential to align them to serve pluralistic human values across cultures. However, pluralistic culture alignment in LLMs remain an open problem. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Shaoyang Xu , Yongqi Leng , Linhao Yu , Deyi Xiong

As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Chao Kong , Shuyu Wei , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Jitao Sang

Large language models (LLMs) often lack culture-specific knowledge of daily life, especially across diverse regions and non-English languages. Existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs' cultural sensitivities are limited to a single language…

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal in various domains due the recent advancements in their performance capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding biases in LLMs, including gender, racial, and cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mijntje Meijer , Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

In this work, we survey the way in which classification is used as a sensemaking practice in cultural analytics, and assess where large language models can fit into this landscape. We identify ten tasks supported by publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 David Bamman , Kent K. Chang , Li Lucy , Naitian Zhou

Modern vision-language models (VLMs) often fail at cultural competency evaluations and benchmarks. Given the diversity of applications built upon VLMs, there is renewed interest in understanding how they encode cultural nuances. While…