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Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. However, pseudo-labeling-based semi-supervised approaches suffer from two problems in image classification: (1) Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Xuerong Zhang , Li Huang , Jing Lv , Ming Yang

Federated learning methods enable us to train machine learning models on distributed user data while preserving its privacy. However, it is not always feasible to obtain high-quality supervisory signals from users, especially for vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Chun-Han Yao , Boqing Gong , Yin Cui , Hang Qi , Yukun Zhu , Ming-Hsuan Yang

We study the problem of learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data in the federated setting, where each client only labels a little part of their dataset due to the limitation of resources and time. Different from the settings in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Xinyang Lin , Hanting Chen , Yixing Xu , Chao Xu , Xiaolin Gui , Yiping Deng , Yunhe Wang

Federated learning enables collaborative model training without sharing raw data, but data heterogeneity consistently challenges the performance of the global model. Traditional optimization methods often rely on collaborative global model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Weiqi Yue , Wenbiao Li , Yuzhou Jiang , Anisa Halimi , Roger French , Erman Ayday

Federated Learning (FL) on non-independently and identically distributed (non-IID) data remains a critical challenge, as existing approaches struggle with severe data heterogeneity. Current methods primarily address symptoms of non-IID by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hui Yeok Wong , Chee Kau Lim , Chee Seng Chan

Federated Learning (FL) enables model development by leveraging data distributed across numerous edge devices without transferring local data to a central server. However, existing FL methods still face challenges when dealing with scarce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Tong Xia , Abhirup Ghosh , Xinchi Qiu , Cecilia Mascolo

Traditional semi-supervised learning (SSL) assumes that the feature distributions of labeled and unlabeled data are consistent which rarely holds in realistic scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel SSL setting, where unlabeled samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jiachen Liang , Ruibing Hou , Hong Chang , Bingpeng Ma , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Federated Semi-supervised Learning (FedSSL) has emerged as a new paradigm for allowing distributed clients to collaboratively train a machine learning model over scarce labeled data and abundant unlabeled data. However, existing works for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jie Zhang , Xiaosong Ma , Song Guo , Wenchao Xu

Real-world federated learning faces two key challenges: limited access to labelled data and the presence of heterogeneous multi-modal inputs. This paper proposes TACTFL, a unified framework for semi-supervised multi-modal federated…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Guanxiong Sun , Majid Mirmehdi , Zahraa Abdallah , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Ian Craddock , Telmo de Menezes e Silva Filho

Training deep learning models on in-home IoT sensory data is commonly used to recognise human activities. Recently, federated learning systems that use edge devices as clients to support local human activity recognition have emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Yuchen Zhao , Hanyang Liu , Honglin Li , Payam Barnaghi , Hamed Haddadi

Federated Semi-Supervised Learning (FedSSL) has gained rising attention from both academic and industrial researchers, due to its unique characteristics of co-training machine learning models with isolated yet unlabeled data. Most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Zewei Long , Jiaqi Wang , Yaqing Wang , Houping Xiao , Fenglong Ma

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) application is frequently associated with privacy concerns as it often acquires and transmits speech data at the client-side to remote cloud platforms for further processing. These speech data can reveal not…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Tiantian Feng , Shrikanth Narayanan

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is a framework that utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to enhance model performance. Conventional SSL methods operate under the assumption that labeled and unlabeled data share the same label space.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Noam Fluss , Guy Hacohen , Daphna Weinshall

The problem of fully supervised classification is that it requires a tremendous amount of annotated data, however, in many datasets a large portion of data is unlabeled. To alleviate this problem semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Ehsan Kazemi

Split Federated Learning (SplitFed) combines federated and split learning to preserve privacy while reducing client-side computation. However, in medical image segmentation, heterogeneous label quality across clients can significantly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-13 Zahra Hafezi Kafshgari , Hadi Hadizadeh , Parvaneh Saeedi

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative learning among decentralized clients while safeguarding the privacy of their local data. Existing studies on FL typically assume offline labeled data available at each client when the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yuchang Sun , Xinran Li , Tao Lin , Jun Zhang

Federated Learning is a distributed machine learning paradigm dealing with decentralized and personal datasets. Since data reside on devices like smartphones and virtual assistants, labeling is entrusted to the clients, or labels are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Vasileios Tsouvalas , Aaqib Saeed , Tanir Ozcelebi

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) has been an effective way to leverage abundant unlabeled data with extremely scarce labeled data. However, most SSL methods are commonly based on instance-wise consistency between different data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Zhuo Huang , Li Shen , Jun Yu , Bo Han , Tongliang Liu

In Federated Learning (FL), multiple clients collaborate to learn a shared model through a central server while keeping data decentralized. Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) further extends FL by learning a personalized model per…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ohad Amosy , Gal Eyal , Gal Chechik