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Large pretrained models such as GPT-3 have had tremendous impact on modern natural language processing by leveraging self-supervised learning to learn salient representations that can be used to readily finetune on a wide variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Walid Ahmad , Elana Simon , Seyone Chithrananda , Gabriel Grand , Bharath Ramsundar

Self-correction in language models remains elusive. In this work, we explore whether language models can explicitly localize errors in incorrect reasoning, as a path toward building AI systems that can effectively correct themselves. We…

We introduce a novel framework, LM-Guided CoT, that leverages a lightweight (i.e., <1B) language model (LM) for guiding a black-box large (i.e., >10B) LM in reasoning tasks. Specifically, the lightweight LM first generates a rationale for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jooyoung Lee , Fan Yang , Thanh Tran , Qian Hu , Emre Barut , Kai-Wei Chang , Chengwei Su

The success of language models, especially transformer-based architectures, has trickled into other domains giving rise to "scientific language models" that operate on small molecules, proteins or polymers. In chemistry, language models…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Nikita Janakarajan , Tim Erdmann , Sarath Swaminathan , Teodoro Laino , Jannis Born

Behavioral model diagrams, e.g., sequence diagrams, are an essential form of documentation that are typically designed by system engineers from requirements documentation, either fully manually or assisted by design tools. With the growing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Khaled Ahmed , Jialing Song , Boqi Chen , Ou Wei , Bingzhou Zheng

Semantic parsing is the task of obtaining machine-interpretable representations from natural language text. We consider one such formal representation - First-Order Logic (FOL) and explore the capability of neural models in parsing English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Hrituraj Singh , Milan Aggrawal , Balaji Krishnamurthy

Molecular editing and optimization are multi-step problems that require iteratively improving properties while keeping molecules chemically valid and structurally similar. We frame both tasks as sequential, tool-guided decisions and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhuo Yang , Yeyun Chen , Jiaqing Xie , Ben Gao , Shuaike Shen , Wanhao Liu , Liujia Yang , Beilun Wang , Tianfan Fu , Yuqiang Li

While automated chemical tools excel at specific tasks, they have struggled to capture the strategic thinking that characterizes expert chemical reasoning. Here we demonstrate that large language models (LLMs) can serve as powerful tools…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Andres M Bran , Theo A Neukomm , Daniel P Armstrong , Zlatko Jončev , Philippe Schwaller

Large language models show improved downstream task performance when prompted to generate step-by-step reasoning to justify their final answers. These reasoning steps greatly improve model interpretability and verification, but objectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Olga Golovneva , Moya Chen , Spencer Poff , Martin Corredor , Luke Zettlemoyer , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi , Asli Celikyilmaz

Collecting ground-truth rewards or human demonstrations for multi-step reasoning tasks is often prohibitively expensive, particularly in interactive domains such as web tasks. We introduce Self-Taught Lookahead (STL), a reward-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ethan Mendes , Alan Ritter

Predicting and enhancing inherent properties based on molecular structures is paramount to design tasks in medicine, materials science, and environmental management. Most of the current machine learning and deep learning approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Zachary R. Fox , Ayana Ghosh

Large language models (LLMs) often make reasoning errors when solving mathematical problems, and how to automatically detect and correct these errors has become an important research direction. However, existing approaches \textit{mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Biaojie Zeng , Min Zhang , Juan Zhou , Fengrui Liu , Ruiyang Huang , Xin Lin

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have spurred research into enhancing their reasoning capabilities, particularly in math-rich STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) documents. While LLMs can generate equations or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaru Zou , Qing Wang , Pratyush Thakur , Nickvash Kani

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet often generate unnecessarily long reasoning paths that incur high inference cost. Recent self-consistency-based approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Juming Xiong , Kevin Guo , Congning Ni , Chao Yan , Katherine Brown , Avinash Baidya , Xiang Gao , Bradley Malin , Zhijun Yin

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), or Vision-Language Models (VLMs), have shown impressive capabilities in a wide range of visual tasks. However, they often struggle with fine-grained visual reasoning, failing to identify domain-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yucheng Shi , Quanzheng Li , Jin Sun , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

The use of formal language for deductive logical reasoning aligns well with language models (LMs), where translating natural language (NL) into first-order logic (FOL) and employing an external solver results in a verifiable and therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Jiuzhou Han , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Deep learning has significantly advanced molecular modeling and design, enabling efficient understanding and discovery of novel molecules. In particular, large language models (LLMs) introduce a fresh research paradigm to tackle scientific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Pengfei Liu , Jun Tao , Zhixiang Ren

Despite the fundamental progress in autonomous molecular and materials discovery, data scarcity throughout chemical compound space still severely hampers the use of modern ready-made machine learning models as they rely heavily on the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-30 Dominik Lemm , Guido Falk von Rudorff , O. Anatole von Lilienfeld

Smart premise selection is essential when using automated reasoning as a tool for large-theory formal proof development. A good method for premise selection in complex mathematical libraries is the application of machine learning to large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Jesse Alama , Tom Heskes , Daniel Kühlwein , Evgeni Tsivtsivadze , Josef Urban

This paper presents a framework for modeling, simulating, and checking properties of critical systems based on the Alloy language -- a declarative, first-order, relational logic with a built-in transitive closure operator. The paper…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-08-05 Aboubakr Achraf El Ghazi , Ulrich Geilmann , Mattias Ulbrich , Mana Taghdiri