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These lecture notes introduce the statistical analysis of continuous-time generative models built from Markov dynamics. We begin with the stochastic-calculus foundations of score-based diffusion models, including time reversal, score…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Eddie Aamari , Arthur Stéphanovitch

Diffusion models have been recently studied as powerful generative inverse problem solvers, owing to their high quality reconstructions and the ease of combining existing iterative solvers. However, most works focus on solving simple linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-06 Hyungjin Chung , Jeongsol Kim , Michael T. Mccann , Marc L. Klasky , Jong Chul Ye

Diffusion models, though originally designed for generative tasks, have demonstrated impressive self-supervised representation learning capabilities. A particularly intriguing phenomenon in these models is the emergence of unimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xiao Li , Zekai Zhang , Xiang Li , Siyi Chen , Zhihui Zhu , Peng Wang , Qing Qu

Score-based generative models, which transform noise into data by learning to reverse a diffusion process, have become a cornerstone of modern generative AI. This paper contributes to establishing theoretical guarantees for the probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-03 Jiaqi Tang , Yuling Yan

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Creating graphic layouts is a fundamental step in graphic designs. In this work, we present a novel generative model named LayoutDiffusion for automatic layout generation. As layout is typically represented as a sequence of discrete tokens,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Junyi Zhang , Jiaqi Guo , Shizhao Sun , Jian-Guang Lou , Dongmei Zhang

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) (Ho et al. 2020) have shown impressive results on image and waveform generation in continuous state spaces. Here, we introduce Discrete Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (D3PMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Jacob Austin , Daniel D. Johnson , Jonathan Ho , Daniel Tarlow , Rianne van den Berg

Recently, diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have achieved promising results in diverse generative tasks. A typical DPM framework includes a forward process that gradually diffuses the data distribution and a reverse process that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tianyu Pang , Cheng Lu , Chao Du , Min Lin , Shuicheng Yan , Zhijie Deng

Flow-based generative modeling in continuous spaces exploit Tweedie's formula to express the denoiser (learned in training) as a score function (used in sampling). In contrast, this relation has been largely missing in the discrete setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yair Shenfeld , Ricardo Baptista , Stefano Peluchetti

This work proposes a novel channel estimator based on diffusion models (DMs), one of the currently top-rated generative models. Contrary to related works utilizing generative priors, a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-07 Benedikt Fesl , Michael Baur , Florian Strasser , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

Diffusion-based generative models use stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and their equivalent ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to establish a smooth connection between a complex data distribution and a tractable prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-25 Defang Chen , Zhenyu Zhou , Can Wang , Chunhua Shen , Siwei Lyu

Learning dynamical systems from incomplete or noisy data is inherently ill-posed, as a single observation may correspond to multiple plausible futures. While physics-based ensemble forecasting relies on perturbing initial states to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Siddharth Rout , Eldad Haber , Stephane Gaudreault

The optimization of the latents and parameters of diffusion models with respect to some differentiable metric defined on the output of the model is a challenging and complex problem. The sampling for diffusion models is done by solving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zander W. Blasingame , Chen Liu

We present a probabilistic model for point cloud generation, which is fundamental for various 3D vision tasks such as shape completion, upsampling, synthesis and data augmentation. Inspired by the diffusion process in non-equilibrium…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Shitong Luo , Wei Hu

Motion prediction is a challenging problem in autonomous driving as it demands the system to comprehend stochastic dynamics and the multi-modal nature of real-world agent interactions. Diffusion models have recently risen to prominence, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Jiahui Li , Tianle Shen , Zekai Gu , Jiawei Sun , Chengran Yuan , Yuhang Han , Shuo Sun , Marcelo H. Ang

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

In this work, we study the generalizability of diffusion models by looking into the hidden properties of the learned score functions, which are essentially a series of deep denoisers trained on various noise levels. We observe that as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Yixiang Dai , Qing Qu

Machine learning methods, such as diffusion models, are widely explored as a promising way to accelerate high-fidelity fluid dynamics computation via a super-resolution process from faster-to-compute low-fidelity input. However, existing…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Ruoyan Li , Zijie Huang , Haixin Wang , Guancheng Wan , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Representation learning is all about discovering the hidden modular attributes that generate the data faithfully. We explore the potential of Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DM) in unsupervised learning of the modular attributes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Zhongqi Yue , Jiankun Wang , Qianru Sun , Lei Ji , Eric I-Chao Chang , Hanwang Zhang

Diffusion Models represent a significant advancement in generative modeling, employing a dual-phase process that first degrades domain-specific information via Gaussian noise and restores it through a trainable model. This framework enables…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Benedikt Hartl , Yanbo Zhang , Hananel Hazan , Michael Levin
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