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Causal inference in continuous-time sequential decision problems is challenged by hidden confounders. We show that, in latent state-space models with time-varying interventions, observability of the latent dynamics from observed data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jennifer Wendland , Nicolas Freitag , Maik Kschischo

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) -- parametrizations of differential equations using neural networks -- have shown tremendous promise in learning models of unknown continuous-time dynamical systems from data. However, every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Franck Djeumou , Cyrus Neary , Eric Goubault , Sylvie Putot , Ufuk Topcu

Standard physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) struggle to simulate highly oscillatory Helmholtz solutions in heterogeneous media because pointwise minimization of second-order PDE residuals is computationally expensive, biased toward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Mohammad Mahdi Abedi , David Pardo , Tariq Alkhalifah

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

In this paper, numerical methods using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are presented with the aim to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed, this deep-learning technique is successfully applied for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Hubert Baty

Driven by the need for more efficient and seamless integration of physical models and data, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have seen a surge of interest in recent years. However, ensuring the reliability of their convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sokratis J. Anagnostopoulos , Juan Diego Toscano , Nikolaos Stergiopulos , George Em Karniadakis

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing efficient surrogate models to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). However, existing approaches often overlook the domain knowledge inherent in the underlying PDEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ziqian Li , Kang Liu , Yongcun Song , Hangrui Yue , Enrique Zuazua

Differential equations are frequently used in engineering domains, such as modeling and control of industrial systems, where safety and performance guarantees are of paramount importance. Traditional physics-based modeling approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-30 Aaron Tuor , Jan Drgona , Draguna Vrabie

Physics-informed deep learning approaches have been developed to solve forward and inverse stochastic differential equation (SDE) problems with high-dimensional stochastic space. However, the existing deep learning models have difficulties…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Shaoqian Zhou , Wen You , Ling Guo , Xuhui Meng

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) are an effective framework for learning dynamical systems from irregularly sampled time series data. These models provide a continuous-time latent representation of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Edward De Brouwer , Rahul G. Krishnan

Recent advances in scientific machine learning (SciML) have enabled neural operators (NOs) to serve as powerful surrogates for modeling the dynamic evolution of physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Siying Ma , Mehrdad M. Zadeh , Mauricio Soroco , Wuyang Chen , Jiguo Cao , Vijay Ganesh

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs), a framework of continuous-depth neural networks, have been widely applied, showing exceptional efficacy in coping with representative datasets. Recently, an augmented framework has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Qunxi Zhu , Yao Guo , Wei Lin

In this work, we study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constrained by partial differential equations (PDEs) and their application in approximating PDEs with two characteristic scales. From a continuous perspective, our formulation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-06 Michael Hintermüller , Denis Korolev

Attention mechanisms have emerged as transformative tools in core AI domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Yet, their largely untapped potential for modeling intricate physical systems presents a compelling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ning Liu , Yue Yu

Neural operators (NOs) provide a new paradigm for efficiently solving partial differential equations (PDEs), but their training depends on costly high-fidelity data from numerical solvers, limiting applications in complex systems. We…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Wen You , Shaoqian Zhou , Xuhui Meng

In this work, we introduce implicit Finite Operator Learning (iFOL) for the continuous and parametric solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary geometries. We propose a physics-informed encoder-decoder network to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Reza Najian Asl , Yusuke Yamazaki , Kianoosh Taghikhani , Mayu Muramatsu , Markus Apel , Shahed Rezaei

Nonlinear system identification must balance physical interpretability with model flexibility. Classical methods yield structured, control-relevant models but rely on rigid parametric forms that often miss complex nonlinearities, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Murat Furkan Mansur , Tufan Kumbasar

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is a required step in the simulation of natural and engineering systems. The associated computational costs significantly increase when exploring various scenarios, such as changes in initial or…

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODE) have been proposed as a continuous depth generalization to popular deep learning models such as Residual networks (ResNets). They provide parameter efficiency and automate the model selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Srinivas Anumasa , P. K. Srijith

For partial differential equations on domains of arbitrary shapes, existing works of neural operators attempt to learn a mapping from geometries to solutions. It often requires a large dataset of geometry-solution pairs in order to obtain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ze Cheng , Zhongkai Hao , Xiaoqiang Wang , Jianing Huang , Youjia Wu , Xudan Liu , Yiru Zhao , Songming Liu , Hang Su