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GPT-3 can perform numerous tasks when provided a natural language prompt that contains a few training examples. We show that this type of few-shot learning can be unstable: the choice of prompt format, training examples, and even the order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Tony Z. Zhao , Eric Wallace , Shi Feng , Dan Klein , Sameer Singh

Recent prompt-based approaches allow pretrained language models to achieve strong performances on few-shot finetuning by reformulating downstream tasks as a language modeling problem. In this work, we demonstrate that, despite its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Prasetya Ajie Utama , Nafise Sadat Moosavi , Victor Sanh , Iryna Gurevych

Prompt optimization is a practical and widely applicable alternative to fine tuning for improving large language model performance. Yet many existing methods evaluate candidate prompts by sampling full outputs, often coupled with self…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Chenzhuo Zhao , Ziqian Liu , Xinda Wang , Junting Lu , Chaoyi Ruan

Prompt-based tuning has been proven effective for pretrained language models (PLMs). While most of the existing work focuses on the monolingual prompts, we study the multilingual prompts for multilingual PLMs, especially in the zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Lianzhe Huang , Shuming Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Furu Wei , Houfeng Wang

Contrastively trained text-image models have the remarkable ability to perform zero-shot classification, that is, classifying previously unseen images into categories that the model has never been explicitly trained to identify. However,…

Cognitive biases, systematic deviations from rationality in judgment, pose significant challenges in generating objective content. This paper introduces a novel approach for real-time cognitive bias detection in user-generated text using…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Frederic Lemieux , Aisha Behr , Clara Kellermann-Bryant , Zaki Mohammed

Pre-trained vision-language models have shown impressive success on various computer vision tasks with their zero-shot generalizability. Recently, prompt learning approaches have been explored to efficiently and effectively adapt the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jinyoung Park , Juyeon Ko , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Computer vision models suffer from a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting when learning novel concepts from continuously shifting training data. Typical solutions for this continual learning problem require extensive rehearsal of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 James Seale Smith , Leonid Karlinsky , Vyshnavi Gutta , Paola Cascante-Bonilla , Donghyun Kim , Assaf Arbelle , Rameswar Panda , Rogerio Feris , Zsolt Kira

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have received much attention for their impressive capabilities. The evaluation of MLLMs is becoming critical to analyzing attributes of MLLMs and providing valuable insights. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yuxuan Xie , Tianhua Li , Wenqi Shao , Kaipeng Zhang

Existing debiasing techniques are typically training-based or require access to the model's internals and output distributions, so they are inaccessible to end-users looking to adapt LLM outputs for their particular needs. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Shaz Furniturewala , Surgan Jandial , Abhinav Java , Pragyan Banerjee , Simra Shahid , Sumit Bhatia , Kokil Jaidka

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, but adapting them to downstream tasks typically requires costly labeled data. Existing unsupervised self-training methods rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Qian-Wei Wang , Guanghao Meng , Ren Cai , Yaguang Song , Shu-Tao Xia

In recent years, multi-task prompt tuning has garnered considerable attention for its inherent modularity and potential to enhance parameter-efficient transfer learning across diverse tasks. This paper aims to analyze and improve the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Ahmad Pouramini , Hesham Faili

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success across diverse tasks, and fine-tuning is sometimes needed to further enhance generation quality. Most existing methods rely on human supervision or parameter retraining, both of which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Jiandong Zhang , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Foundation models enable prompt-based classifiers for zero-shot and few-shot learning. Nonetheless, the conventional method of employing fixed prompts suffers from distributional shifts that negatively impact generalizability to unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yingjun Du , Gaowen Liu , Yuzhang Shang , Yuguang Yao , Ramana Kompella , Cees G. M. Snoek

Soft prompt tuning leverages continuous embeddings to capture task-specific information in large pre-trained language models (LLMs), achieving competitive performance in few-shot settings. However, soft prompts rely on high-dimensional,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zhenzhen Huang , Chaoning Zhang , Haoyu Bian , Songbo Zhang , Chi-lok Andy Tai , Jiaquan Zhang , Caiyan Qin , Jingjing Qu , Yalan Ye , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

The clinical adoption of biomedical vision-language models is hindered by prompt optimization techniques that produce either uninterpretable latent vectors or single textual prompts. This lack of transparency and failure to capture the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Kaushitha Silva , Mansitha Eashwara , Sanduni Ubayasiri , Ruwan Tennakoon , Damayanthi Herath

Prompt tuning (PT) offers a cost-effective alternative to fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained language models (PLMs), requiring only a few parameters in soft prompt tokens added before the input text. However, existing PT approaches face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Pengxiang Lan , Haoyu Xu , Enneng Yang , Yuliang Liang , Guibing Guo , Jianzhe Zhao , Xingwei Wang

Prompt tuning, in which a base pretrained model is adapted to each task via conditioning on learned prompt vectors, has emerged as a promising approach for efficiently adapting large language models to multiple downstream tasks. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Zhen Wang , Rameswar Panda , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Huan Sun , Yoon Kim

Recent studies show that prompt tuning can better leverage the power of large language models than fine-tuning on downstream natural language understanding tasks. However, the existing prompt tuning methods have training instability issues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Lichang Chen , Heng Huang , Minhao Cheng

Visual and textual soft prompt tuning can effectively improve the adaptability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in downstream tasks. However, fine-tuning on video tasks impairs the model's generalization ability to unseen classes. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bin Wang , Ruotong Hu , Wentong Li , Wenqian Wang , Mingliang Gao , Runmin Cong , Wei Zhang , Xudong Jiang