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The self-configuring nnU-Net has achieved leading performance in a large range of medical image segmentation challenges. It is widely considered as the model of choice and a strong baseline for medical image segmentation. However, despite…
Image segmentation is a critical step in computational biomedical image analysis, typically evaluated using metrics like the Dice coefficient during training and validation. However, in clinical settings without manual annotations,…
Learning a medical image segmentation model is an inherently ambiguous task, as uncertainties exist in both images (noise) and manual annotations (human errors and bias) used for model training. To build a trustworthy image segmentation…
Deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve promising performance in visual recognition under the independent and identically distributed (IID) hypothesis. In contrast, the IID hypothesis is not universally guaranteed in numerous real-world…
Deep learning (DL)-based methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance for many medical image segmentation tasks. Nevertheless, recent studies show that deep neural networks (DNNs) can be miscalibrated and overconfident, leading to…
In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian deep learning based model for segmenting the photoreceptor layer in pathological OCT scans. Our architecture provides accurate segmentations of the photoreceptor layer and produces pixel-wise epistemic…
Deploying deep learning (DL) models in medical applications relies on predictive performance and other critical factors, such as conveying trustworthy predictive uncertainty. Uncertainty estimation (UE) methods provide potential solutions…
Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) have been long considered an ideal, yet unscalable solution for improving the robustness and the predictive uncertainty of deep neural networks. While they could capture more accurately the posterior…
In recent years, machine learning has witnessed extensive adoption across various sectors, yet its application in medical image-based disease detection and diagnosis remains challenging due to distribution shifts in real-world data. In…
The PD-L1 rate, the number of PD-L1 positive tumor cells over the total number of all tumor cells, is an important metric for immunotherapy. This metric is recorded as diagnostic information with pathological images. In this paper, we…
Data uncertainties, such as sensor noise, occlusions or limitations in the acquisition method can introduce irreducible ambiguities in images, which result in varying, yet plausible, semantic hypotheses. In Machine Learning, this ambiguity…
Pathological lung segmentation (PLS) is an important, yet challenging, medical image application due to the wide variability of pathological lung appearance and shape. Because PLS is often a pre-requisite for other imaging analytics,…
Automatic lymph node (LN) segmentation and detection for cancer staging are critical. In clinical practice, computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging detect abnormal LNs. Despite its low contrast and variety in…
Collecting annotations from multiple independent sources could mitigate the impact of potential noises and biases from a single source, which is a common practice in medical image segmentation. Learning segmentation networks from…
Accurate lesion segmentation in ultrasound images is essential for preventive screening and clinical diagnosis, yet remains challenging due to low contrast, blurry boundaries, and significant scale variations. Although existing deep…
Accurate and reliable tumor segmentation is essential in medical imaging analysis for improving diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring. However, existing segmentation models often lack robust mechanisms for quantifying the…
Image segmentation enables to extract quantitative measures from scans that can serve as imaging biomarkers for diseases. However, segmentation quality can vary substantially across scans, and therefore yield unfaithful estimates in the…
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with rapid progression and high metastatic potential. Accurate characterisation of tissue morphology in melanoma is crucial for prognosis and treatment planning. However, manual segmentation of…
Emerging deep-learning (DL)-based techniques have significant potential to revolutionize biomedical imaging. However, one outstanding challenge is the lack of reliability assessment in the DL predictions, whose errors are commonly revealed…
Histopathological imaging is vital for cancer research and clinical practice, with multiplexed Immunofluorescence (MxIF) and Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) providing complementary insights. However, aligning different stains at the cell level…