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We introduce a task and dataset for referring expression generation and comprehension in multi-agent embodied environments. In this task, two agents in a shared scene must take into account one another's visual perspective, which may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zineng Tang , Lingjun Mao , Alane Suhr

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is usually addressed with task-trained grounding models. We show that a zero-shot workflow, without any REC-specific training, can achieve competitive or superior performance. Our approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jeffrey Liu , Rongbin Hu

Given a textual description, the task of referring expression comprehension (REC) involves the localisation of the referred object in an image. Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved high accuracy on REC benchmarks through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yik Lung Pang , Changjae Oh

Humans refer to objects in their environments all the time, especially in dialogue with other people. We explore generating and comprehending natural language referring expressions for objects in images. In particular, we focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-11 Licheng Yu , Patrick Poirson , Shan Yang , Alexander C. Berg , Tamara L. Berg

Zero-shot referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to locate target objects in images given natural language queries without relying on task-specific training data, demanding strong visual understanding capabilities. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yike Wu , Necva Bolucu , Stephen Wan , Dadong Wang , Jiahao Xia , Jian Zhang

Referring expression segmentation is a fundamental task in computer vision that integrates natural language understanding with precise visual localization of target regions. Considering aerial imagery (e.g., modern aerial photos collected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Luís Marnoto , Alexandre Bernardino , Bruno Martins

Establishing stable mappings between natural language expressions and visual percepts is a foundational problem for both cognitive science and artificial intelligence. Humans routinely ground linguistic reference in noisy, ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joseph Bingham

Recognising objects according to a pre-defined fixed set of class labels has been well studied in the Computer Vision. There are a great many practical applications where the subjects that may be of interest are not known beforehand, or so…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu , Chunhua Shen , Ian Reid , Anton van den Hengel

Achieving human-level performance on some of the Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) datasets is no longer challenging with the help of powerful Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs). However, the internal mechanism of these artifacts remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yiming Cui , Wei-Nan Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Zhigang Chen , Shijin Wang

Referring image segmentation aims to segment an object referred to by natural language expression from an image. However, this task is challenging due to the distinct data properties between text and image, and the randomness introduced by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yichen Yan , Xingjian He , Wenxuan Wan , Jing Liu

Span-extraction reading comprehension models have made tremendous advances enabled by the availability of large-scale, high-quality training datasets. Despite such rapid progress and widespread application, extractive reading comprehension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Gaochen Wu , Bin Xu , Dejie Chang , Bangchang Liu

Describing images with text is a fundamental problem in vision-language research. Current studies in this domain mostly focus on single image captioning. However, in various real applications (e.g., image editing, difference interpretation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Hao Tan , Franck Dernoncourt , Zhe Lin , Trung Bui , Mohit Bansal

As an important step towards visual reasoning, visual grounding (e.g., phrase localization, referring expression comprehension/segmentation) has been widely explored Previous approaches to referring expression comprehension (REC) or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Muchen Li , Leonid Sigal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive results on vision-language benchmarks, yet it remains unclear whether these benchmarks assess genuine global reasoning or allow success via localized visual cues. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Amit Agarwal , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Srikant Panda , Hansa Meghwani , Jyotika Singh , Karan Dua , Paul Li , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

We introduce Multi-SimLex, a large-scale lexical resource and evaluation benchmark covering datasets for 12 typologically diverse languages, including major languages (e.g., Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Russian) as well as less-resourced ones…

Grounding referring expressions in images aims to locate the object instance in an image described by a referring expression. It involves a joint understanding of natural language and image content, and is essential for a range of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Sibei Yang , Guanbin Li , Yizhou Yu

Humans are undoubtedly the most important participants in computer vision, and the ability to detect any individual given a natural language description, a task we define as referring to any person, holds substantial practical value.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Qing Jiang , Lin Wu , Zhaoyang Zeng , Tianhe Ren , Yuda Xiong , Yihao Chen , Qin Liu , Lei Zhang

Facial expressions play a fundamental role in human communication. Indeed, they typically reveal the real emotional status of people beyond the spoken language. Moreover, the comprehension of human affect based on visual patterns is a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Fabio Valerio Massoli , Donato Cafarelli , Giuseppe Amato , Fabrizio Falchi

Referring Expression Segmentation (RES) is an emerging task in computer vision, which segments the target instances in images based on text descriptions. However, its development is plagued by the expensive segmentation labels. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Minglang Huang , Yiyi Zhou , Gen Luo , Guannan Jiang , Weilin Zhuang , Xiaoshuai Sun

Referring expression grounding is a core problem in visual grounding and is widely used as a diagnostic of spatial grounding and reasoning in vision and language models, yet most prior work focuses on natural images. In contrast, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tianhao Niu , Ziyu Han , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che