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We study the problem of efficient generative inference for Transformer models, in one of its most challenging settings: large deep models, with tight latency targets and long sequence lengths. Better understanding of the engineering…

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a powerful control strategy widely utilized in domains like energy management, building control, and autonomous systems. However, its effectiveness in real-world settings is challenged by the need to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-08 Ruixiang Wu , Jiahao Ai , Tongxin Li

Low-latency decoding for large language models (LLMs) is crucial for applications like chatbots and code assistants, yet generating long outputs remains slow in single-query settings. Prior work on speculative decoding (which combines a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ziyi Zhang , Ziheng Jiang , Chengquan Jiang , Menghan Yu , Size Zheng , Haibin Lin , Henry Hoffmann , Xin Liu

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ sequential steps for $n$ tokens, fundamentally limiting inference throughput. Recent diffusion-based LLMs (dLLMs) enable parallel token generation through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Wenrui Bao , Zhiben Chen , Dan Xu , Yuzhang Shang

Model predictive control (MPC) has established itself as the primary methodology for constrained control, enabling general-purpose robot autonomy in diverse real-world scenarios. However, for most problems of interest, MPC relies on the…

The predictive probability of the next token (P_token) in large language models (LLMs) is inextricably linked to the probability of relevance for the next piece of information, the purchase probability of the next product, and the execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jia Gu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

We propose a novel speculative decoding method tailored for multi-sample reasoning scenarios, such as self-consistency and Best-of-N sampling. Our method exploits the intrinsic consensus of parallel generation paths to synthesize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Yueqi Zhang , Ji Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

Controller design faces a trade-off between robustness and performance, and the reliability of linear controllers has caused many practitioners to focus on the former. However, there is renewed interest in improving system performance to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-08-07 Anil Aswani , Humberto Gonzalez , S. Shankar Sastry , Claire Tomlin

This paper introduces Multimodal Speculative Decoding (MSD) to accelerate Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) inference. Speculative decoding has been shown to accelerate Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing accuracy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Luxi Lin , Zhihang Lin , Zhanpeng Zeng , Rongrong Ji

Model Predictive Control (MPC) is an optimal control algorithm with strong stability and robustness guarantees. Despite its popularity in robotics and industrial applications, the main challenge in deploying MPC is its high computation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Camilo Gonzalez , Houshyar Asadi , Lars Kooijman , Chee Peng Lim

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 has revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), enabling diverse, complex tasks. However, extensive token counts lead to high computational and financial burdens. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yun-Hao Cao , Yangsong Wang , Shuzheng Hao , Zhenxing Li , Chengjun Zhan , Sichao Liu , Yi-Qi Hu

Speculative Decoding (SD) is a technique to accelerate the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using a lower complexity draft model to propose candidate tokens verified by a larger target model. To further improve efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xiaofan Lu , Yixiao Zeng , Feiyang Ma , Zixu Yu , Marco Levorato

This paper presents a novel symbolic algorithm for the Maximal End Component (MEC) decomposition of a Markov Decision Process (MDP). The key idea behind our algorithm INTERLEAVE is to interleave the computation of Strongly Connected…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Suguman Bansal , Ramneet Singh

We are interested in the analysis of very large continuous-time Markov chains (CTMCs) with many distinct rates. Such models arise naturally in the context of reliability analysis, e.g., of computer network performability analysis, of power…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-24 Ernst Moritz Hahn , Holger Hermanns , Ralf Wimmer , Bernd Becker

Tube-based model predictive control (MPC) methods bound deviations from a nominal trajectory due to uncertainties in order to ensure constraint satisfaction. While techniques that compute the tubes online reduce conservativeness and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-21 Jerome Sieber , Andrea Zanelli , Antoine P. Leeman , Samir Bennani , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Many systems are naturally modeled as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), combining probabilities and strategic actions. Given a model of a system as an MDP and some logical specification of system behavior, the goal of synthesis is to find a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Andrew M. Wells , Morteza Lahijanian , Lydia E. Kavraki , Moshe Y. Vardi

Speech-language models (SLMs) offer a promising path toward unifying speech and text understanding and generation. However, challenges remain in achieving effective cross-modal alignment and high-quality speech generation. In this work, we…

This paper presents a heterogeneously parameterized tube-based model predictive control (MPC) design applicable to linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. In a heterogeneous tube, the parameterizations of the tube cross sections and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-21 Jurre Hanema , Mircea Lazar , Roland Tóth

Probabilistic models based on continuous latent spaces, such as variational autoencoders, can be understood as uncountable mixture models where components depend continuously on the latent code. They have proven to be expressive tools for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Alvaro H. C. Correia , Gennaro Gala , Erik Quaeghebeur , Cassio de Campos , Robert Peharz