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In a conversational system, dynamically generating follow-up questions based on context can help users explore information and provide a better user experience. Humans are usually able to ask questions that involve some general life…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jianyu Liu , Yi Huang , Sheng Bi , Junlan Feng , Guilin Qi

Schemas play a vital role in ensuring data quality and supporting usability in the Semantic Web and natural language processing. Traditionally, their creation demands substantial involvement from knowledge engineers and domain experts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Bohui Zhang , Yuan He , Lydia Pintscher , Albert Meroño Peñuela , Elena Simperl

Large language models (LLMs) based on generative pre-trained Transformer have achieved remarkable performance on knowledge graph question-answering (KGQA) tasks. However, LLMs often produce ungrounded subgraph planning or reasoning results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Mufan Xu , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao , Min Zhang

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have long served as a fundamental infrastructure for structured knowledge representation and reasoning. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), the construction of KGs has entered a new paradigm-shifting from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Haonan Bian

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet factually incorrect content when used for language generation (a phenomenon often known as hallucination). Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) tries to reduce factual errors by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Dobrik Georgiev , Kheeran Naidu , Alberto Cattaneo , Federico Monti , Carlo Luschi , Daniel Justus

Question and answer generation (QAG) consists of generating a set of question-answer pairs given a context (e.g. a paragraph). This task has a variety of applications, such as data augmentation for question answering (QA) models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Asahi Ushio , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Jose Camacho-Collados

In recent years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has played a significant role in various Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications such as chatbots, text generation, and language translation. The emergence of large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Amanda Kau , Xuzeng He , Aishwarya Nambissan , Aland Astudillo , Hui Yin , Amir Aryani

In real-world scenarios, most of the data obtained from the information retrieval (IR) system is unstructured. Converting natural language sentences into structured Knowledge Graphs (KGs) remains a critical challenge. We identified three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyu Huang , Chong Chen , Zeang Sheng , Yang Li , Wentao Zhang

Large Language Models are now key assistants in human decision-making processes. However, a common note always seems to follow: "LLMs can make mistakes. Be careful with important info." This points to the reality that not all outputs from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Longchao Da , Parth Mitesh Shah , Kuan-Ru Liou , Jiaxing Zhang , Hua Wei

Large language models (LLMs) typically improve performance by either retrieving semantically similar information, or enhancing reasoning abilities through structured prompts like chain-of-thought. While both strategies are considered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yejin Kim , Eojin Kang , Juae Kim , H. Howie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in a range of natural language processing tasks. Once deployed, LLMs encounter users with personalized factual knowledge, and such personalized knowledge is consistently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jingwei Sun , Zhixu Du , Yiran Chen

Selecting a solution algorithm for the Facility Layout Problem (FLP), an NP-hard optimization problem with multiobjective trade-off, is a complex task that requires deep expert knowledge. The performance of a given algorithm depends on the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Nikhil N S , Bilal Muhammed , Soban Babu Beemaraj , Amol Dilip Joshi

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) and conversational assistants necessitates dynamic, scalable, and configurable conversational datasets for training and evaluation. These datasets must accommodate diverse user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Ronak Pradeep , Daniel Lee , Ali Mousavi , Jeff Pound , Yisi Sang , Jimmy Lin , Ihab Ilyas , Saloni Potdar , Mostafa Arefiyan , Yunyao Li

Previous studies have relied on existing question-answering benchmarks to evaluate the knowledge stored in large language models (LLMs). However, this approach has limitations regarding factual knowledge coverage, as it mostly focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Linhao Luo , Thuy-Trang Vu , Dinh Phung , Gholamreza Haffari

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) has become a prominent area in natural language processing due to the emergence of large-scale Knowledge Graphs (KGs). Recently Neural Machine Translation based approaches are gaining momentum that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Sukannya Purkayastha , Saswati Dana , Dinesh Garg , Dinesh Khandelwal , G P Shrivatsa Bhargav

The conventional process of building Ontologies and Knowledge Graphs (KGs) heavily relies on human domain experts to define entities and relationship types, establish hierarchies, maintain relevance to the domain, fill the ABox (or populate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Vamsi Krishna Kommineni , Birgitta König-Ries , Sheeba Samuel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC), yet bridging the modality gap between continuous graph embeddings and discrete LLM tokens remains a critical challenge. While recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Qizhuo Xie , Yunhui Liu , Yu Xing , Qianzi Hou , Xudong Jin , Tao Zheng , Tieke He

Large Language Models (LLMs) provide flexible natural language processing capabilities, while knowledge graphs (KGs) offer explicit and structured knowledge. Integrating these two in a complementary manner enables the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Shusaku Egami , Aoi Ohta , Tomoki Tsujimura , Masaki Asada , Tatsuya Ishigaki , Ken Fukuda , Masahiro Hamasaki , Hiroya Takamura

The task of multi-hop link prediction within knowledge graphs (KGs) stands as a challenge in the field of knowledge graph analysis, as it requires the model to reason through and understand all intermediate connections before making a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dong Shu , Tianle Chen , Mingyu Jin , Chong Zhang , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang

Can language models (LM) ground question-answering (QA) tasks in the knowledge base via inherent relational reasoning ability? While previous models that use only LMs have seen some success on many QA tasks, more recent methods include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yujie Lu , Siqi Ouyang , Kairui Zhou