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The standard LP relaxation of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem has been conjectured to have a constant integrality gap in the metric case. We prove this conjecture when restricted to shortest path metrics of node-weighted digraphs.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-14 Ola Svensson

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in research on machine learning techniques for combinatorial optimization. It has been shown that learning-based methods outperform traditional heuristics and mathematical solvers on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shiqing Liu , Xueming Yan , Yaochu Jin

The maximum traveling salesman problem (Max TSP) consists of finding a Hamiltonian cycle with the maximum total weight of the edges in a given complete weighted graph. This problem is APX-hard in the general metric case but admits…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Vladimir Shenmaier

This paper introduces a novel edge-based encoding technique for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) on a quantum computer, reducing the required number of qubits. For implementation in real quantum devices, we applied the subspace…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Anandu Kalleri Madhu , Chi-Kwong Li , Jami Rönkkö , Mikio Nakahara , Ray-Kuang Lee

Given a complete edge-weighted graph G, we present a polynomial time algorithm to compute a degree-four-bounded spanning Eulerian subgraph of 2G that has at most 1.5 times the weight of an optimal TSP solution of G. Based on this algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-23 Tobias Mömke

We design a new LP-based algorithm for the graphic $s$-$t$ path Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which achieves the best approximation factor of 1.5. The algorithm is based on the idea of narrow cuts due to An, Kleinberg, and Shmoys. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Zhihan Gao

The characterization of strong valid inequalities for integer and mixed-integer programs is more of an artistic task than a systematic methodology, requiring inspiration that can sometimes be elusive. Frequently, this task is facilitated by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-17 Asghar Moeini , Kate Smith-Miles

The Asymmetric Traveling Salesperson Path Problem (ATSPP) is one where, given an asymmetric metric space $(V,d)$ with specified vertices s and t, the goal is to find an s-t path of minimum length that passes through all the vertices in V.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-01-07 Zachary Friggstad , Anupam Gupta , Mohit Singh

Meta-heuristics are frequently used to tackle NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. With this paper we contribute to the understanding of the success of 2-opt based local search algorithms for solving the traveling salesman problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-14 Olaf Mersmann , Bernd Bischl , Heike Trautmann , Markus Wagner , Frank Neumann

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most challenging NP-hard problems. It has widely applications in various disciplines such as physics, biology, computer science and so forth. The best known approximation algorithm for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Wenhong Tian , Chaojie Huang , Xinyang Wang , Qin Xiong

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a popular NP-hard-combinatorial optimization problem that requires finding the optimal way for a salesman to travel through different cities once and return to the initial city. The existing methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Kapil Goswami , Gagan Anekonda Veereshi , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

We introduce multiple symmetric LP relaxations for minimum cut problems. The relaxations give optimal and approximate solutions when the input is a Hamiltonian cycle. We show that this leads to one of two interesting results. In one case,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Robert D. Carr , Jennifer Iglesias , Giuseppe Lanciac , Benjamin Moseley

We present a new approach for gluing tours over certain tight, 3-edge cuts. Gluing over 3-edge cuts has been used in algorithms for finding Hamilton cycles in special graph classes and in proving bounds for 2-edge-connected subgraph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Arash Haddadan , Alantha Newman

We present an exact formulation of the symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that replaces the classical edge-selection view with a surface-building approach. Instead of selecting edges to form a cycle, the model selects a set of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Yılmaz Arslanoğlu

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space is among the oldest and most famous NP-hard optimization problems. In breakthrough works, Arora [J. ACM 1998] and Mitchell [SICOMP 1999] gave the first polynomial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Tobias Mömke , Hang Zhou

This paper introduces a new formulation that finds the optimum for the Moving-Target Traveling Salesman Problem (MT-TSP), which seeks to find a shortest path for an agent, that starts at a depot, visits a set of moving targets exactly once…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Allen George Philip , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a salesman wants to visit a set of cities and return home. There is a cost $c_{ij}$ of traveling from city $i$ to city $j$, which is the same in either direction for the Symmetric TSP. The objective…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Robert D. Carr , Neil Simonetti

The Graphical Traveling Salesperson Problem (GTSP) is the problem of assigning, for a given weighted graph, a nonnegative number $x_e$ each edge $e$ such that the induced multi-subgraph is of minimum weight among those that are spanning,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Matthias Walter

We present a new approximation algorithm for the (metric) prize-collecting traveling salesperson problem (PCTSP). In PCTSP, opposed to the classical traveling salesperson problem (TSP), one may not include a vertex of the input graph in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Jannis Blauth , Martin Nägele

We address the classical Dantzig - Fulkerson - Johnson formulation of the symmetric metric Traveling Salesman Problem and study the integrality gap of its linear relaxation, namely the Subtour Elimination Problem (SEP). This integrality gap…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Tullio Villa , Eleonora Vercesi , Janos Barta , Monaldo Mastrolilli