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Many organizations face critical decisions that rely on forecasts of binary events. In these situations, organizations often gather forecasts from multiple experts or models and average those forecasts to produce a single aggregate…

The prediction of electrical power in combined cycle power plants is a key challenge in the electrical power and energy systems field. This power output can vary depending on environmental variables, such as temperature, pressure, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-06 Jesus L. Lobo , Igor Ballesteros , Izaskun Oregi , Javier Del Ser

Ensemble forecasting has proven over the years to be a vital tool for predicting extreme or only partially predictable weather events. In particular life-threatening weather events. Many National Meteorological Services in East Africa do…

Ensemble prediction systems are an invaluable tool for weather forecasting. Practically, ensemble predictions are obtained by running several perturbations of the deterministic control forecast. However, ensemble prediction is associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Rüdiger Brecht , Alex Bihlo

Precipitation forecasts are less accurate compared to other meteorological fields because several key processes affecting precipitation distribution and intensity occur below the resolved scale of global weather prediction models. This…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Rüdiger Brecht , Alex Bihlo

Although numerical weather forecasting methods have dominated the field, recent advances in deep learning methods, such as diffusion models, have shown promise in ensemble weather forecasting. However, such models are typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kevin Valencia , Ziyang Liu , Justin Cui

Accurate weather forecasting is essential for socioeconomic activities. While data-driven forecasting demonstrates superior predictive capabilities over traditional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) with reduced computational demands, its…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Congyi Nai , Xi Chen , Shangshang Yang , Yuan Liang , Ziniu Xiao , Baoxiang Pan

Because of the impact of extreme heat waves and heat domes on society and biodiversity, their study is a key challenge. We specifically study long-lasting extreme heat waves, which are among the most important for climate impacts. Physics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Valérian Jacques-Dumas , Francesco Ragone , Pierre Borgnat , Patrice Abry , Freddy Bouchet

Extreme weather events epitomize high cost: to society through their physical impacts, and to computer servers that simulate them to assess risk and advance physical understanding. It costs hundreds of simulation years to sample a few…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Justin Finkel , Paul A. O'Gorman

Motivated by applications to 3D printing, this paper presents two algorithms for calculating an ensemble of solutions to heat conduction problems. The ensemble average is the most likely temperature distribution and its variance gives an…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-08-04 Joseph A. Fiordilino

In this paper we discuss and address the challenges of predicting extreme atmospheric events like intense rainfall, hail, and strong winds. These events can cause significant damage and have become more frequent due to climate change.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-06 Mikhail Mozikov , Ilya Makarov , Alexandr Bulkin , Daria Taniushkina , Roland Grinis , Yury Maximov

Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is an important variable for forecasting severe weather and understanding deep convection and precipitation. The latest versions of the Global Forecast System (GFS) and related Global Ensemble…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Zachary James , Joseph Guinness , Arthur DeGaetano

Aiming to estimate extreme precipitation forecast quantiles, we propose a nonparametric regression model that features a constant extreme value index. Using local linear quantile regression and an extrapolation technique from extreme value…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-06 Jasper Velthoen , Juan-Juan Cai , Geurt Jongbloed , Maurice Schmeits

Statistical post-processing of global ensemble weather forecasts is revisited by leveraging recent developments in machine learning. Verification of past forecasts is exploited to learn systematic deficiencies of numerical weather…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-23 Zied Ben-Bouallegue , Jonathan A Weyn , Mariana C A Clare , Jesper Dramsch , Peter Dueben , Matthew Chantry

By the end of 2021, the renewable energy share of the global electricity capacity reached 38.3% and the new installations are dominated by wind and solar energy, showing global increases of 12.7% and 18.5%, respectively. However, both wind…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-18 Ágnes Baran , Sándor Baran

The importance of accurately quantifying forecast uncertainty has motivated much recent research on probabilistic forecasting. In particular, a variety of deep learning approaches has been proposed, with forecast distributions obtained as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-11 Benedikt Schulz , Lutz Köhler , Sebastian Lerch

Extreme precipitation wreaks havoc throughout the world, causing billions of dollars in damage and uprooting communities, ecosystems, and economies. Accurate extreme precipitation prediction allows more time for preparation and disaster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weichen Huang

Ensemble weather forecasts enable a measure of uncertainty to be attached to each forecast, by computing the ensemble's spread. However, generating an ensemble with a good spread-error relationship is far from trivial, and a wide range of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Sebastian Scher , Gabriele Messori

Adaptation-relevant predictions of climate change are often derived by combining climate model simulations in a multi-model ensemble. Model evaluation methods used in performance-based ensemble weighting schemes have limitations in the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-19 Mala Virdee , Markus Kaiser , Emily Shuckburgh , Carl Henrik Ek , Ieva Kazlauskaite

The unusually warm sea surface temperature events known as marine heatwaves (MHWs) have a profound impact on marine ecosystems. Accurate prediction of extreme MHWs has significant scientific and financial worth. However, existing methods…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Ruiqi Shu , Hao Wu , Yuan Gao , Fanghua Xu , Ruijian Gou , Xiaomeng Huang