Related papers: Algorithms Trained on Normal Chest X-rays Can Pred…

It has been rightfully emphasized that the use of AI for clinical decision making could amplify health disparities. An algorithm may encode protected characteristics, and then use this information for making predictions due to undesirable…

Machine learning and artificial intelligence are fast-growing fields of research in which data is used to train algorithms, learn patterns, and make predictions. This approach helps to solve seemingly intricate problems with significant…

We systematically evaluate the performance of deep learning models in the presence of diseases not labeled for or present during training. First, we evaluate whether deep learning models trained on a subset of diseases (seen diseases) can…

In this era of pandemic, the future of healthcare industry has never been more exciting. Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI & ML) present opportunities to develop solutions that cater for very specific needs within the…

Chest X-rays (CXRs) are among the most commonly used medical image modalities. They are mostly used for screening, and an indication of disease typically results in subsequent tests. As this is mostly a screening test used to rule out chest…

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have achieved expert-level performance in medical imaging applications. Notably, self-supervised vision-language foundation models can detect a broad spectrum of pathologies without relying on…

Deep neural networks for image-based screening and computer-aided diagnosis have achieved expert-level performance on various medical imaging modalities, including chest radiographs. Recently, several works have indicated that these…

Detecting and classifying diseases using X-ray images is one of the more challenging core tasks in the medical and research world. Due to the recent high interest in radiological images and AI, early detection of diseases in X-ray images…

There has been significant progress in implementing deep learning models in disease diagnosis using chest X- rays. Despite these advancements, inherent biases in these models can lead to disparities in prediction accuracy across protected…

The imperative for early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is challenged by its asymptomatic onset and dependence on suboptimal clinical diagnostic tests, contributing to its widespread global prevalence. While research into…

While deep learning has shown promise in improving the automated diagnosis of disease based on chest X-rays, deep networks may exhibit undesirable behavior related to shortcuts. This paper studies the case of spurious class skew in which…

Chest X-rays play a pivotal role in diagnosing respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, which are prevalent and present unique diagnostic challenges due to overlapping visual features and variability in image…

We propose a novel deep neural network architecture for normalcy detection in chest X-ray images. This architecture treats the problem as fine-grained binary classification in which the normal cases are well-defined as a class while leaving…

Chest X-ray imaging remains the primary diagnostic tool for pulmonary and cardiac disorders worldwide, yet its accuracy is hampered by radiologist shortages and inter-observer variability. This study presents a systematic comparative…

Deep learning models have shown promise in improving diagnostic accuracy from chest X-rays, but they also risk perpetuating healthcare disparities when performance varies across demographic groups. In this work, we present a comprehensive…

Machine learning systems have received much attention recently for their ability to achieve expert-level performance on clinical tasks, particularly in medical imaging. Here, we examine the extent to which state-of-the-art deep learning…

Deep neural networks for chest X-ray classification achieve strong average performance, yet often underperform for specific demographic subgroups, raising critical concerns about clinical safety and equity. Existing debiasing methods…

Deep neural networks excel in radiological image classification but frequently suffer from poor interpretability, limiting clinical acceptance. We present MedicalPatchNet, an inherently self-explainable architecture for chest X-ray…

Automated diagnosis using deep neural networks in chest radiography can help radiologists detect life-threatening diseases. However, existing methods only provide predictions without accurate explanations, undermining the trustworthiness of…

Recent research demonstrates that deep learning models are capable of precisely extracting bio-information (e.g. race, gender and age) from patients' Chest X-Rays (CXRs). In this paper, we further show that deep learning models are also…