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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems require efficient and accurate channel estimation with low pilot overhead to unlock their full potential for high spectral and energy efficiency. While deep generative models have emerged as a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yongqiang Zhang , Qurrat-Ul-Ain Nadeem

Accurate yet low-latency channel state information (CSI) acquisition is essential for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. While advanced deep generative models, such as score-based and diffusion models, enable…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Junjie Zhao , Guangming Liang , Dongzhu Liu , Xiaonan Liu

Channel estimation for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is fundamentally constrained by excessive pilot overhead and high estimation latency. To overcome these obstacles, recent studies have leveraged deep generative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ziqi Diao , Xingyu Zhou , Le Liang , Shi Jin

Current discriminative depth estimation methods often produce blurry artifacts, while generative approaches suffer from slow sampling due to curvatures in the noise-to-depth transport. Our method addresses these challenges by framing depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Ming Gui , Johannes Schusterbauer , Ulrich Prestel , Pingchuan Ma , Dmytro Kotovenko , Olga Grebenkova , Stefan Andreas Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

We introduce a new paradigm for generative modeling built on Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs), allowing us to train CNFs at unprecedented scale. Specifically, we present the notion of Flow Matching (FM), a simulation-free approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yaron Lipman , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Heli Ben-Hamu , Maximilian Nickel , Matt Le

Channel estimation is a critical task in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital communications that substantially effects end-to-end system performance. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for channel estimation using deep…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-09 Marius Arvinte , Jonathan I Tamir

Flow Matching (FM) is a simulation-free method for learning a continuous and invertible flow to interpolate between two distributions, and in particular to generate data from noise. Inspired by the variational nature of the diffusion…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Deep generative models offer a powerful alternative to conventional channel estimation by learning complex channel distributions. By integrating the rich environmental information available in modern sensing-aided networks, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xiaotian Fan , Xingyu Zhou , Le Liang , Xiao Li , Shi Jin

Iterative generative models such as Flow Matching and Diffusion models have demonstrated strong test-time scaling behavior, where additional inference computation can improve generation quality. In contrast, Drift Models offer efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chenrui Ma , Xi Xiao , Lin Zhao , Tianyang Wang , Ferdinando Fioretto , Yanning Shen

While generative modeling has achieved remarkable success on tasks like natural language-conditioned image generation, enabling model adaptation from example data points remains a relatively underexplored and challenging problem. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Tyler Ingebrand , Ruihan Zhao , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Ufuk Topcu

Enhancing the efficiency of high-quality image generation using Diffusion Models (DMs) is a significant challenge due to the iterative nature of the process. Flow Matching (FM) is emerging as a powerful generative modeling paradigm based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Pascal Zwick , Nils Friederich , Maximilian Beichter , Lennart Hilbert , Ralf Mikut , Oliver Bringmann

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) offer enhanced spatial diversity for next-generation wireless systems. However, acquiring accurate channel state information (CSI) remains challenging due to the large number of reconfigurable ports and the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Erqiang Tang , Wei Guo , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

This work proposes a novel channel estimator based on diffusion models (DMs), one of the currently top-rated generative models. Contrary to related works utilizing generative priors, a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-07 Benedikt Fesl , Michael Baur , Florian Strasser , Michael Joham , Wolfgang Utschick

Generating high-quality time-series data is challenging because real-world signals often exhibit multimodal patterns and multiscale dynamics, including oscillations and high-frequency variations. Flow Matching (FM) offers an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junru Zhang , Lang Feng , Jinbo Wang , Xu Guo , Yucheng Wang , Han Yu , Min Wu , Yabo Dong , Duanqing Xu

Channel estimation is a critical task in digital communications that greatly impacts end-to-end system performance. In this work, we introduce a novel approach for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation using score-based…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-16 Marius Arvinte , Jonathan I Tamir

Flow matching as a paradigm of generative model achieves notable success across various domains. However, existing methods use either multi-round training or knowledge within minibatches, posing challenges in finding a favorable coupling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Siyu Xing , Jie Cao , Huaibo Huang , Haichao Shi , Xiao-Yu Zhang

It is well accepted that acquiring downlink channel state information in frequency division duplexing (FDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is challenging because of the large overhead in training and feedback. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Javad Mirzaei , Shahram ShahbazPanahi , Raviraj Adve , Navaneetha Gopal

Fluid antenna systems (FAS) have emerged as a promising technology for next-generation wireless systems. However, practical multiuser multiple-input multiple-output FAS (MIMO-FAS) faces two inherently coupled challenges: acquiring accurate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Erqiang Tang , Wei Guo , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

The efficient construction of accurate channel knowledge maps (CKMs) is crucial for unleashing the full potential of environment-aware wireless networks, yet it remains a difficult ill-posed problem due to the sparsity of available…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ziyu Huang , Yong Zeng , Shen Fu , Xiaoli Xu , Hongyang Du

Conditional Flow Matching (CFM), a simulation-free method for training continuous normalizing flows, provides an efficient alternative to diffusion models for key tasks like image and video generation. The performance of CFM in solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aram Davtyan , Leello Tadesse Dadi , Volkan Cevher , Paolo Favaro
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