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State-of-the-art neural network training methods depend on the gradient of the network function. Therefore, they cannot be applied to networks whose activation functions do not have useful derivatives, such as binary and discrete-time…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-24 Luke Eilers , Raoul-Martin Memmesheimer , Sven Goedeke

A quantum neural network (QNN) is a parameterized mapping efficiently implementable on near-term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. It can be used for supervised learning when combined with classical gradient-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Xuchen You , Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Boyang Chen , Xiaodi Wu

Stochastic gradient descent algorithms for training linear and kernel predictors are gaining more and more importance, thanks to their scalability. While various methods have been proposed to speed up their convergence, the model selection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Francesco Orabona

In this paper, we study the neural tangent kernel (NTK) for general partial differential equations (PDEs) based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). As we all know, the training of an artificial neural network can be converted to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-10 Zijian Zhou , Zhenya Yan

A recent line of work has analyzed the theoretical properties of deep neural networks via the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK). In particular, the smallest eigenvalue of the NTK has been related to the memorization capacity, the global…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-23 Quynh Nguyen , Marco Mondelli , Guido Montufar

Physics-informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (PIKANs), and in particular their Chebyshev-based variants (cPIKANs), have recently emerged as promising models for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, their training dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Salah A. Faroughi , Farinaz Mostajeran

Neural networks has recently attracted much interest as useful representations of quantum many body ground states, which might help address the infamous sign problem. Most attention was directed at their representability properties, while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Harel Kol-Namer , Moshe Goldstein

In this article, we show that solving the system of linear equations by manipulating the kernel and the range space is equivalent to solving the problem of least squares error approximation. This establishes the ground for a gradient-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Kar-Ann Toh , Zhiping Lin , Zhengguo Li , Beomseok Oh , Lei Sun

This paper aims to discuss the impact of random initialization of neural networks in the neural tangent kernel (NTK) theory, which is ignored by most recent works in the NTK theory. It is well known that as the network's width tends to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-10 Guhan Chen , Yicheng Li , Qian Lin

Tensors with unit Frobenius norm are fundamental objects in many fields, including scientific computing and quantum physics, which are able to represent normalized eigenvectors and pure quantum states. While the tensor train decomposition…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Renfeng Peng , Chengkai Zhu , Bin Gao , Xin Wang , Ya-xiang Yuan

Inverse problems and, in particular, inferring unknown or latent parameters from data are ubiquitous in engineering simulations. A predominant viewpoint in identifying unknown parameters is Bayesian inference where both prior information…

Computation · Statistics 2022-08-31 Vahid Keshavarzzadeh , Robert M. Kirby , Akil Narayan

We develop a solvable model of neural scaling laws beyond the kernel limit. Theoretical analysis of this model shows how performance scales with model size, training time, and the total amount of available data. We identify three scaling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-07 Blake Bordelon , Alexander Atanasov , Cengiz Pehlevan

Quantum Kernel Estimation (QKE) is a technique based on leveraging a quantum computer to estimate a kernel function that is classically difficult to calculate, which is then used by a classical computer for training a Support Vector Machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Marco Russo , Edoardo Giusto , Bartolomeo Montrucchio

Quantile regression is a powerful tool for robust and heterogeneous learning that has seen applications in a diverse range of applied areas. However, its broader application is often hindered by the substantial computational demands arising…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Qian Tang , Yuwen Gu , Boxiang Wang

Kernels ensuing from tree ensembles such as random forest (RF) or gradient boosted trees (GBT), when used for kernel learning, have been shown to be competitive to their respective tree ensembles (particularly in higher dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-20 Dai Feng , Richard Baumgartner

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with deep test-time memorization modules, such as Titans and TTT, represent a promising, linearly-scaling paradigm distinct from Transformers. While these expressive models do not yet match the peak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zeman Li , Ali Behrouz , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Praneeth Kacham , Mahdi Karami , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

We present a novel approach for completing and reconstructing 3D shapes from incomplete scanned data by using deep neural networks. Rather than being trained on supervised completion tasks and applied on a testing shape, the network is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Lei Chu , Hao Pan , Wenping Wang

Recent research shows that for training with $\ell_2$ loss, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) whose width (number of channels in convolutional layers) goes to infinity correspond to regression with respect to the CNN Gaussian Process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Zhiyuan Li , Ruosong Wang , Dingli Yu , Simon S. Du , Wei Hu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Sanjeev Arora

We study training one-hidden-layer ReLU networks in the neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime, where the networks' biases are initialized to some constant rather than zero. We prove that under such initialization, the neural network will have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Hongru Yang , Ziyu Jiang , Ruizhe Zhang , Yingbin Liang , Zhangyang Wang

Sampling-based inference techniques are central to modern cosmological data analysis; these methods, however, scale poorly with dimensionality and typically require approximate or intractable likelihoods. In this paper we describe how…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-09 Alex Cole , Benjamin Kurt Miller , Samuel J. Witte , Maxwell X. Cai , Meiert W. Grootes , Francesco Nattino , Christoph Weniger