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Related papers: Towards Fine-Grained Code-Switch Speech Translatio…

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Code-switching is a widely prevalent linguistic phenomenon in multilingual societies like India. Building speech-to-text models for code-switched speech is challenging due to limited availability of datasets. In this work, we focus on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Bhavani Shankar , Preethi Jyothi , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Code-Switching (CS) is referred to the phenomenon of alternately using words and phrases from different languages. While today's neural end-to-end (E2E) models deliver state-of-the-art performances on the task of automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Enes Yavuz Ugan , Christian Huber , Juan Hussain , Alexander Waibel

Code switching (CS) refers to the phenomenon of interchangeably using words and phrases from different languages. CS can pose significant accuracy challenges to NLP, due to the often monolingual nature of the underlying systems. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Orion Weller , Matthias Sperber , Telmo Pires , Hendra Setiawan , Christian Gollan , Dominic Telaar , Matthias Paulik

Code-switching automatic speech recognition (CS-ASR) presents unique challenges due to language confusion introduced by spontaneous intra-sentence switching and accent bias that blurs the phonetic boundaries. Although the constituent…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Hexin Liu , Haoyang Zhang , Qiquan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Dongyuan Shi , Eng Siong Chng , Haizhou Li

End-to-end speech translation (ST) is the task of translating speech signals in the source language into text in the target language. As a cross-modal task, end-to-end ST is difficult to train with limited data. Existing methods often try…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Yan Zhou , Qingkai Fang , Yang Feng

Having numerous potential applications and great impact, end-to-end speech translation (ST) has long been treated as an independent task, failing to fully draw strength from the rapid advances of its sibling - text machine translation (MT).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Chi Han , Mingxuan Wang , Heng Ji , Lei Li

Code-switching (CS) refers to the switching of languages within a speech signal and results in language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To address language confusion, we propose a language alignment loss (LAL) that aligns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Eng Siong Chng , Shinji Watanabe

End-to-end Speech Translation (ST) aims to convert speech into target text within a unified model. The inherent differences between speech and text modalities often impede effective cross-modal and cross-lingual transfer. Existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yuhao Zhang , Kaiqi Kou , Bei Li , Chen Xu , Chunliang Zhang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Recently, to mitigate the confusion between different languages in code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR), the conditionally factorized models, such as the language-aware encoder (LAE), explicitly disregard the contextual…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Guodong Ma , Wenxuan Wang , Yuke Li , Yuting Yang , Binbin Du , Haoran Fu

End-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU) remains elusive even with current large pretrained language models on text and speech, especially in multilingual cases. Machine translation has been established as a powerful pretraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mutian He , Philip N. Garner

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has gained interest in speech-text multimodal foundation models, achieving strong performance on instruction-tuned speech translation (ST). However, expanding language pairs is costly due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yao-Fei Cheng , Hayato Futami , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Wen Shen Teo , Siddhant Arora , Shinji Watanabe

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities across various language tasks. Inspired by the success of text-to-text translation refinement, this paper investigates how LLMs can improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Huaixia Dou , Xinyu Tian , Xinglin Lyu , Jie Zhu , Junhui Li , Lifan Guo

Code-Switching (CS) is a common linguistic phenomenon in multilingual communities that consists of switching between languages while speaking. This paper presents our investigations on end-to-end speech recognition for Mandarin-English CS…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Chia-Yu Li , Ngoc Thang Vu

We present a simple yet effective approach to build multilingual speech-to-text (ST) translation by efficient transfer learning from pretrained speech encoder and text decoder. Our key finding is that a minimalistic LNA (LayerNorm and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Xian Li , Changhan Wang , Yun Tang , Chau Tran , Yuqing Tang , Juan Pino , Alexei Baevski , Alexis Conneau , Michael Auli

Transfer learning from high-resource languages is known to be an efficient way to improve end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) for low-resource languages. Pre-trained or jointly trained encoder-decoder models, however, do not share…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-12 Changhan Wang , Juan Pino , Jiatao Gu

Code-switching (CS) poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its comprehensibility remains underexplored in LLMs. We introduce CS-Sum, to evaluate the comprehensibility of CS by the LLMs through CS dialogue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sathya Krishnan Suresh , Tanmay Surana , Lim Zhi Hao , Eng Siong Chng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in speech generation and recognition, their applications are mainly confined to monolingual scenarios, with limited explorations in code-switched (CS) contexts. In this paper, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Jing Xu , Daxin Tan , Jiaqi Wang , Xiao Chen

Code-switching (CS) is common in daily conversations where more than one language is used within a sentence. The difficulties of CS speech recognition lie in alternating languages and the lack of transcribed data. Therefore, this paper uses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Liang-Hsuan Tseng , Yu-Kuan Fu , Heng-Jui Chang , Hung-yi Lee

Code-switching (CS) phenomenon occurs when words or phrases from different languages are alternated in a single sentence. Due to data scarcity, building an effective CS Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Yu Xi , Wen Ding , Kai Yu , Junjie Lai

One of the things that need to change when it comes to machine translation is the models' ability to translate code-switching content, especially with the rise of social media and user-generated content. In this paper, we are proposing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Mohamed Anwar
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