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Quantum key distribution requires tight and reliable bounds on the secret key rate to ensure robust security. This is particularly so for the regime of finite block sizes, where the optimization of generalized R\'enyi entropic quantities is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Rebecca R. B. Chung , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Yu Cai

Computing key rates in quantum key distribution (QKD) numerically is essential to unlock more powerful protocols, that use more sophisticated measurement bases or quantum systems of higher dimension. It is a difficult optimization problem,…

We develop a flexible and robust framework for finite-size security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols under coherent attacks, applicable to both fixed- and variable-length protocols. Our approach achieves high finite-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Lars Kamin , John Burniston , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan

Numerical security proofs based on conic optimization are known to deliver optimal secret-key rates, but so far they have mostly assumed that the emitted states are fully characterized. In practice, this assumption is unrealistic, since…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Margarida Pereira , Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Mateus Araújo

Quantum conditional entropies play a fundamental role in quantum information theory. In quantum key distribution, they are exploited to obtain reliable lower bounds on the secret-key rates in the finite-size regime, against collective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Gabriele Staffieri , Giovanni Scala , Cosmo Lupo

The entropy accumulation theorem, and its subsequent generalized version, is a powerful tool in the security analysis of many device-dependent and device-independent cryptography protocols. However, it has the drawback that the finite-size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Amir Arqand , Thomas A. Hahn , Ernest Y. -Z. Tan

A realistic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol necessarily deals with finite resources, such as the number of signals exchanged by the two parties. We derive a bound on the secret key rate which is expressed as an optimization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-13 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Markus Mertz , Dagmar Bruß

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with discrete modulation combines advantages of CVQKD, such as the implementability using readily available technologies, with advantages of discrete variable quantum key distribution,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Carlos Pascual-García , Stefan Bäuml , Mateus Araújo , Rotem Liss , Antonio Acín

Practical quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require a finite-size security proof. The phase error correction (PEC) approach is one of the general strategies for security analyses that has successfully proved finite-size security for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Takaya Matsuura , Shinichiro Yamano , Yui Kuramochi , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

Based on the problem of quantum data compression in a lossless way, we present here an operational interpretation for the family of quantum R\'enyi entropies. In order to do this, we appeal to a very general quantum encoding scheme that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-05 G. Bellomo , G. M. Bosyk , F. Holik , S. Zozor

Quantum cryptographic protocols solve the longstanding problem of distributing a shared secret string to two distant users by typically making use of one-way quantum channel. However, alternative protocols exploiting two-way quantum channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-01 Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Stefano Mancini

This paper presents an enhanced post-quantum key agreement protocol based on R\'{e}nyi entropy, addressing vulnerabilities in the original construction while preserving information-theoretic security properties. We develop a theoretical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ruopengyu Xu , Chenglian Liu

Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) constitutes a pathway towards practical quantum key distribution by using affordable commercial technologies, and robust theoretical foundations. Recent advances in the security of DPSK have proven its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Carlos Pascual-García

Quantum key distribution (QKD) establishes secure links between remote communication parties. As a key problem for various QKD protocols, security analysis gives the amount of secure keys regardless of the eavesdropper's computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Hongyi Zhou , Toshihiko Sasaki , Masato Koashi

The goal of this paper is to extend the framework of finite size analysis recently developed for quantum key distribution to continuous-variable protocols. We do not solve this problem completely here, and we mainly consider the finite size…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-29 Anthony Leverrier , Frédéric Grosshans , Philippe Grangier

We calculate an achievable secret key rate for quantum key distribution with a finite number of signals, by evaluating the min-entropy explicitly. The min-entropy can be expressed in terms of the guessing probability, which we calculate for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-22 Sylvia Bratzik , Markus Mertz , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

Due to the capability of tolerating high error rate and generating more key bits per trial, high-dimensional quantum key distribution attracts wide interest. Despite great progresses in high-dimensional quantum key distribution, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Rong Wang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Hang Liu , Shuang Wang , Wei Chen , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

We provide a security analysis for continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols based on the transmission of squeezed vacuum states measured via homodyne detection. We employ a version of the entropic uncertainty relation for…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution with discrete modulation has the potential to provide information-theoretic security using widely available optical elements and existing telecom infrastructure. While their implementation is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Stefan Bäuml , Carlos Pascual-García , Victoria Wright , Omar Fawzi , Antonio Acín

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for secure communications safe against attacks by quantum computers. QKD protocols are performed by sending a sizeable, but finite, number of quantum signals between the distant parties involved. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-05 Darius Bunandar , Luke C. G. Govia , Hari Krovi , Dirk R. Englund
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