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Despite the popularity of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) as a solution for grounded QA in both academia and industry, current RAG methods struggle with questions where the necessary information is distributed across many documents or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Nathan Scales , Nathanael Schärli , Olivier Bousquet

Nowadays, wearable devices can continuously lifelog ambient conversations, creating substantial opportunities for memory systems. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on online one-on-one chatting or human-AI interactions, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jianjie Zheng , Zhichen Liu , Zhanyu Shen , Jingxiang Qu , Guanhua Chen , Yile Wang , Yang Xu , Yang Liu , Sijie Cheng

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their capability in understanding both images and text has greatly improved. However, their potential for leveraging multi-modal contextual information in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhenghao Liu , Xingsheng Zhu , Tianshuo Zhou , Xinyi Zhang , Xiaoyuan Yi , Yukun Yan , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful approach that enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate external knowledge. However, evaluating the effectiveness of RAG systems in specialized scenarios remains challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Yifan Luo , Dingling Xu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Ruobing Wang , Shuo Wang , Yishan Li , Nan Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly serve as personal assistants and workplace collaborators, where their utility depends on memory systems that extract, retrieve, and apply information across long-running conversations. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingbo Yang , Kwei-Herng Lai , Xiaowen Wang , Shiyu Chang , Yaar Harari , Evgeniy Gabrilovich

Long-horizon conversational agents require persistent memory for coherent reasoning, yet uncontrolled accumulation causes temporal decay and false memory propagation. Benchmarks such as LOCOMO and LOCCO report performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Payal Fofadiya , Sunil Tiwari

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) and its graph-based extensions (GraphRAG) are effective paradigms for improving large language model (LLM) reasoning by grounding generation in external knowledge. However, most existing RAG and GraphRAG…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Dongzhe Fan , Zheyi Xue , Siyuan Liu , Qiaoyu Tan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with information retrieval capabilities (i.e., Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)) has proven beneficial for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, understanding users' contextual search intent when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nirmal Roy , Leonardo F. R. Ribeiro , Rexhina Blloshmi , Kevin Small

AI agents that interact with users across multiple sessions require persistent long-term memory to maintain coherent, personalized behavior. Current approaches either rely on flat retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), which loses structural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Swarna Kamal Paul , Shubhendu Sharma , Nitin Sareen

Large language models (LLMs) have the remarkable ability to solve new tasks with just a few examples, but they need access to the right tools. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this problem by retrieving a list of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Raviteja Anantha , Tharun Bethi , Danil Vodianik , Srinivas Chappidi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems commonly improve robustness via query-time adaptations such as query expansion and iterative retrieval. While effective, these approaches are inherently stateless: adaptations are recomputed for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yuntong Hu , Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan , Liang Zhao

Graph-structured retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems can improve answer quality on multi-hop questions, but many current systems rely on large language models (LLMs) to extract entities, relations, and summaries during indexing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Roman Prosvirnin , Sergei Kuznetsov , Seungmin Jin

In recent years, accurately and quickly deploying medical large language models (LLMs) has become a trend. Among these, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has garnered attention due to rapid deployment and privacy protection. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Penglei Sun , Yixiang Chen , Xiang Li , Xiaowen Chu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves factual grounding in large language models but suffers from substantial latency due to synchronous retrieval. While recent work explores asynchronous retrieval, existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wuyang Zhang , Shichao Pei

We present MTRAG-UN, a benchmark for exploring open challenges in multi-turn retrieval augmented generation, a popular use of large language models. We release a benchmark of 666 tasks containing over 2,800 conversation turns across 6…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Sara Rosenthal , Yannis Katsis , Vraj Shah , Lihong He , Lucian Popa , Marina Danilevsky

Despite the impressive performance of Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) systems across various NLP benchmarks, their robustness in handling real-world user-LLM interaction queries remains largely underexplored. This presents a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tianyu Cao , Neel Bhandari , Akhila Yerukola , Akari Asai , Maarten Sap

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a predominant method in the field of professional knowledge-based question answering. Presently, major foundation model companies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Demiao Lin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates many problems of fully parametric language models, such as temporal degradation, hallucinations, and lack of grounding. In RAG, the model's knowledge can be updated from documents provided in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Evgenii Kortukov , Alexander Rubinstein , Elisa Nguyen , Seong Joon Oh

Conversational AI systems often struggle with maintaining coherent, contextual memory across extended interactions, limiting their ability to provide personalized and contextually relevant responses. This paper presents IMDMR (Intelligent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Tejas Pawar , Sarika Patil , Om Tilekar , Rushikesh Janwade , Vaibhav Helambe