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While in-processing fairness approaches show promise in mitigating biased predictions, their potential impact on privacy leakage remains under-explored. We aim to address this gap by assessing the privacy risks of fairness-enhanced binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Huan Tian , Guangsheng Zhang , Bo Liu , Tianqing Zhu , Ming Ding , Wanlei Zhou

With the rapid advancement of deep learning technology, pre-trained encoder models have demonstrated exceptional feature extraction capabilities, playing a pivotal role in the research and application of deep learning. However, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Ruining Sun , Hongsheng Hu , Wei Luo , Zhaoxi Zhang , Yanjun Zhang , Haizhuan Yuan , Leo Yu Zhang

Synthetic data generators, when trained using privacy-preserving techniques like differential privacy, promise to produce synthetic data with formal privacy guarantees, facilitating the sharing of sensitive data. However, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Flavio Hafner , Chang Sun

The privacy of machine learning models has become a significant concern in many emerging Machine-Learning-as-a-Service applications, where prediction services based on well-trained models are offered to users via pay-per-query. The lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Xun Xian , Mingyi Hong , Jie Ding

Model Inversion Attacks (MIAs) pose a significant threat to data privacy by reconstructing sensitive training samples from the knowledge embedded in trained machine learning models. Despite recent progress in enhancing the effectiveness of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Hongyao Yu , Yixiang Qiu , Hao Fang , Tianqu Zhuang , Bin Chen , Sijin Yu , Bin Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu

Text-to-image generation models have recently attracted unprecedented attention as they unlatch imaginative applications in all areas of life. However, developing such models requires huge amounts of data that might contain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Yixin Wu , Ning Yu , Zheng Li , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

A surprising phenomenon in modern machine learning is the ability of a highly overparameterized model to generalize well (small error on the test data) even when it is trained to memorize the training data (zero error on the training data).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-01 Jasper Tan , Blake Mason , Hamid Javadi , Richard G. Baraniuk

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) reveal whether specific data was used to train machine learning models, serving as important tools for privacy auditing and compliance assessment. Recent studies have reported that MIAs perform only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Disha Makhija , Manoj Ghuhan Arivazhagan , Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Inference attacks against Machine Learning (ML) models allow adversaries to learn sensitive information about training data, model parameters, etc. While researchers have studied, in depth, several kinds of attacks, they have done so in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Yugeng Liu , Rui Wen , Xinlei He , Ahmed Salem , Zhikun Zhang , Michael Backes , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Mario Fritz , Yang Zhang

As machine learning (ML) technologies become more prevalent in privacy-sensitive areas like healthcare and finance, eventually incorporating sensitive information in building data-driven algorithms, it is vital to scrutinize whether these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ehsanul Kabir , Lucas Craig , Shagufta Mehnaz

Recent privacy awareness initiatives such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation subdued Machine Learning (ML) to privacy and security assessments. Federated Learning (FL) grants a privacy-driven, decentralized training scheme that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Gorka Abad , Stjepan Picek , Víctor Julio Ramírez-Durán , Aitor Urbieta

The recent success of machine learning (ML) has been fueled by the increasing availability of computing power and large amounts of data in many different applications. However, the trustworthiness of the resulting models can be compromised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Antonio Emanuele Cinà , Kathrin Grosse , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio , Fabio Roli , Marcello Pelillo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown greatly enhanced performance in recent years, attributed to increased size and extensive training data. This advancement has led to widespread interest and adoption across industries and the public.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Victoria Smith , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carolyn Ashurst , Adrian Weller

The newly emerged machine learning (e.g. deep learning) methods have become a strong driving force to revolutionize a wide range of industries, such as smart healthcare, financial technology, and surveillance systems. Meanwhile, privacy has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Bo Liu , Ming Ding , Sina Shaham , Wenny Rahayu , Farhad Farokhi , Zihuai Lin

Large-scale pre-trained models are increasingly adapted to downstream tasks through a new paradigm called prompt learning. In contrast to fine-tuning, prompt learning does not update the pre-trained model's parameters. Instead, it only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yixin Wu , Rui Wen , Michael Backes , Pascal Berrang , Mathias Humbert , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Machine learning models are vulnerable to data inference attacks, such as membership inference and model inversion attacks. In these types of breaches, an adversary attempts to infer a data record's membership in a dataset or even…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Dayong Ye , Sheng Shen , Tianqing Zhu , Bo Liu , Wanlei Zhou

The explosive growth of machine learning has made it a critical infrastructure in the era of artificial intelligence. The extensive use of data poses a significant threat to individual privacy. Various countries have implemented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengzhu Liu , Ping Xiong , Tianqing Zhu , Philip S. Yu

Recent years have witnessed the tremendous success of diffusion models in data synthesis. However, when diffusion models are applied to sensitive data, they also give rise to severe privacy concerns. In this paper, we systematically present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Hailong Hu , Jun Pang

Machine learning (ML) models may be deemed confidential due to their sensitive training data, commercial value, or use in security applications. Increasingly often, confidential ML models are being deployed with publicly accessible query…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Florian Tramèr , Fan Zhang , Ari Juels , Michael K. Reiter , Thomas Ristenpart

The pervasive deployment of deep learning models across critical domains has concurrently intensified privacy concerns due to their inherent propensity for data memorization. While Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) serve as the gold…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Chihan Huang , Huaijin Wang , Shuai Wang
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