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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while preserving privacy, yet Gradient Inversion Attacks (GIAs) pose severe threats by reconstructing private data from shared gradients. In realistic FedAvg scenarios with multi-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Li Xia , Jing Yu , Zheng Liu , Sili Huang , Wei Tang , Xuan Liu

Federated Learning (FL) is a widely adopted privacy-preserving machine learning approach where private data remains local, enabling secure computations and the exchange of local model gradients between local clients and third-party…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Hanchi Ren , Jingjing Deng , Xianghua Xie

Gradient inversion attacks on federated learning systems reconstruct client training data from exchanged gradient information. To defend against such attacks, a variety of defense mechanisms were proposed. However, they usually lead to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Daniel Scheliga , Patrick Mäder , Marco Seeland

Federated learning, i.e., a mobile edge computing framework for deep learning, is a recent advance in privacy-preserving machine learning, where the model is trained in a decentralized manner by the clients, i.e., data curators, preventing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Zhibo Wang , Mengkai Song , Zhifei Zhang , Yang Song , Qian Wang , Hairong Qi

Data privacy has become an increasingly important issue in Machine Learning (ML), where many approaches have been developed to tackle this challenge, e.g. cryptography (Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Differential Privacy (DP), etc.) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Hanchi Ren , Jingjing Deng , Xianghua Xie

Federated Learning (FL) has garnered significant attention for its potential to protect user privacy while enhancing model training efficiency. For that reason, FL has found its use in various domains, from healthcare to industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tre' R. Jeter , Truc Nguyen , Raed Alharbi , My T. Thai

In Federated Learning (FL), clients share gradients with a central server while keeping their data local. However, malicious servers could deliberately manipulate the models to reconstruct clients' data from shared gradients, posing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Kunlan Xiang , Haomiao Yang , Meng Hao , Shaofeng Li , Haoxin Wang , Zikang Ding , Wenbo Jiang , Tianwei Zhang

Collaborative machine learning settings like federated learning can be susceptible to adversarial interference and attacks. One class of such attacks is termed model inversion attacks, characterised by the adversary reverse-engineering the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Dmitrii Usynin , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Federated learning (FL) has become a key component in various language modeling applications such as machine translation, next-word prediction, and medical record analysis. These applications are trained on datasets from many FL…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Kang Gu , Najrin Sultana , Shagufta Mehnaz

Federated learning (FL) was originally regarded as a framework for collaborative learning among clients with data privacy protection through a coordinating server. In this paper, we propose a new active membership inference (AMI) attack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Truc Nguyen , Phung Lai , Khang Tran , NhatHai Phan , My T. Thai

Owing to the low communication costs and privacy-promoting capabilities, Federated Learning (FL) has become a promising tool for training effective machine learning models among distributed clients. However, with the distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Chuan Ma , Jun Li , Ming Ding , Kang Wei , Wen Chen , H. Vincent Poor

In federated learning (FL), data does not leave personal devices when they are jointly training a machine learning model. Instead, these devices share gradients, parameters, or other model updates, with a central party (e.g., a company)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic , Roei Schuster , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Ilia Shumailov , Nicolas Papernot

In terms of artificial intelligence, there are several security and privacy deficiencies in the traditional centralized training methods of machine learning models by a server. To address this limitation, federated learning (FL) has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Yao Chen , Yijie Gui , Hong Lin , Wensheng Gan , Yongdong Wu

Recent works have brought attention to the vulnerability of Federated Learning (FL) systems to gradient leakage attacks. Such attacks exploit clients' uploaded gradients to reconstruct their sensitive data, thereby compromising the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Xiaodan Li , Wenmeng Zhou

As a new distributed computing framework that can protect data privacy, federated learning (FL) has attracted more and more attention in recent years. It receives gradients from users to train the global model and releases the trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Can Liu , Jin Wang

Federated learning (FL) emerged as a promising learning paradigm to enable a multitude of participants to construct a joint ML model without exposing their private training data. Existing FL designs have been shown to exhibit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Lingjuan Lyu , Chen Chen

Gradient Inversion (GI) attacks are a ubiquitous threat in Federated Learning (FL) as they exploit gradient leakage to reconstruct supposedly private training data. Common defense mechanisms such as Differential Privacy (DP) or stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Daniel Scheliga , Patrick Mäder , Marco Seeland

Federated learning (FL) enables decentralized machine learning without sharing raw data, allowing multiple clients to collaboratively learn a global model. However, studies reveal that privacy leakage is possible under commonly adopted FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Kai Yue , Richeng Jin , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

Federated learning (FL) enables learning a global machine learning model from local data distributed among a set of participating workers. This makes it possible i) to train more accurate models due to learning from rich joint training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Najeeb Jebreel , Josep Domingo-Ferrer