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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important building block in trustworthy image recognition systems as unknown classes may arise at test-time. OOD detection methods typically revolve around a single classifier, leading to a split in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Gianni Franchi , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

Recent advances in end-to-end autonomous driving show that policies trained on patch-aligned features extracted from foundation models generalize better to Out-of-Distribution (OOD). We hypothesize that due to the self-attention mechanism,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Amir Mallak , Erfan Aasi , Shiva Sreeram , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Daniela Rus , Alaa Maalouf

Autonomous robots that rely on deep neural network controllers pose critical challenges for safety prediction, especially under partial observability and distribution shift. Traditional model-based verification techniques are limited in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zhenjiang Mao , Mrinall Eashaan Umasudhan , Ivan Ruchkin

This paper describes LOCL (Learning Object Attribute Composition using Localization) that generalizes composition zero shot learning to objects in cluttered and more realistic settings. The problem of unseen Object Attribute (OA)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Satish Kumar , ASM Iftekhar , Ekta Prashnani , B. S. Manjunath

Out-of-training-distribution (OOD) scenarios are a common challenge of learning agents at deployment, typically leading to arbitrary deductions and poorly-informed decisions. In principle, detection of and adaptation to OOD scenes can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Angelos Filos , Panagiotis Tigas , Rowan McAllister , Nicholas Rhinehart , Sergey Levine , Yarin Gal

Out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses serious challenges in deployed machine learning models, so methods of predicting a model's performance on OOD data without labels are important for machine learning safety. While a number of methods have…

A majority of recent work in AI assesses models' generalization capabilities through the lens of performance on out-of-distribution (OOD) datasets. Despite their practicality, such evaluations build upon a strong assumption: that OOD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Michal Štefánik , Timothee Mickus , Marek Kadlčík , Michal Spiegel , Josef Kuchař

Composition-the ability to generate myriad variations from finite means-is believed to underlie powerful generalization. However, compositional generalization remains a key challenge for deep learning. A widely held assumption is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qiyao Liang , Daoyuan Qian , Liu Ziyin , Ila Fiete

When testing conditions differ from those represented in training data, so-called out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs can mar the reliability of learned components in the modern robot autonomy stack. Therefore, coping with OOD data is an…

Zero-shot diffusion posterior sampling offers a flexible framework for inverse problems by accommodating arbitrary degradation operators at test time, but incurs high computational cost due to repeated likelihood-guided updates. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Léon Zheng , Thomas Hirtz , Yazid Janati , Eric Moulines

Generative models have emerged as powerful tools for planning, with compositional approaches offering particular promise for modeling long-horizon task distributions by composing together local, modular generative models. This compositional…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Utkarsh A Mishra , David He , Yongxin Chen , Danfei Xu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs can compromise the performance and safety of real world machine learning systems. While many methods exist for OOD detection and work well on small scale datasets with lower resolution and few classes, few…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Hong Yang , William Gebhardt , Alexander G. Ororbia , Travis Desell

Effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is criti-cal for ensuring the reliability of semantic segmentation models, particularly in complex road environments where safety and accuracy are paramount. Despite recent advancements in large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Jeonghyo Song , Kimin Yun , DaeUng Jo , Jinyoung Kim , Youngjoon Yoo

Multimodal fusion, leveraging data like vision and language, is rapidly gaining traction. This enriched data representation improves performance across various tasks. Existing methods for out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, a critical area…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Jinglun Li , Xinyu Zhou , Kaixun Jiang , Lingyi Hong , Pinxue Guo , Zhaoyu Chen , Weifeng Ge , Wenqiang Zhang

Most deep-learning-based image classification methods assume that all samples are generated under an independent and identically distributed (IID) setting. However, out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is more common in practice, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Xin Guo , Zhengxu Yu , Chao Xiang , Zhongming Jin , Jianqiang Huang , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He , Xian-Sheng Hua

Efficient and effective Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of AI systems. Existing feature space methods, while effective, often incur significant computational overhead due to their reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Litian Liu , Yao Qin

Humans are good at compositional zero-shot reasoning; someone who has never seen a zebra before could nevertheless recognize one when we tell them it looks like a horse with black and white stripes. Machine learning systems, on the other…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Frank Ruis , Gertjan Burghouts , Doina Bucur

Existing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods are typically benchmarked on training sets with balanced class distributions. However, in real-world applications, it is common for the training sets to have long-tailed distributions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Haotao Wang , Aston Zhang , Yi Zhu , Shuai Zheng , Mu Li , Alex Smola , Zhangyang Wang

\noindent Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the safe deployment of machine learning models. Extensive work has focused on devising various scoring functions for detecting OOD samples, while only a few studies focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yifan Ding , Xixi Liu , Jonas Unger , Gabriel Eilertsen

Anticipating the motion of neighboring vehicles is crucial for autonomous driving, especially on congested highways where even slight motion variations can result in catastrophic collisions. An accurate prediction of a future trajectory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Fuad Hasan , Hailong Huang