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Deformations of cell sheets during morphogenesis are driven by developmental processes such as cell division and cell shape changes. In morphoelastic shell theories of development, these processes appear as variations of the intrinsic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-03-03 Pierre A. Haas , Raymond E. Goldstein

We investigate how thin structures change their shape in response to non-mechanical stimuli that can be interpreted as variations in the structure's natural curvature. Starting from the theory of non-Euclidean plates and shells, we derive…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-06-08 Matteo Pezzulla , Norbert Stoop , Xin Jiang , Douglas P. Holmes

We derive an asymptotically consistent morphoelastic shell model to describe the finite deformations of biological tissues using the variational asymptotical method. Biological materials may exhibit remarkable compressibility when under…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-07-23 Xiang Yu , Xiaoyi Chen

This work presents a general unified theory for coupled nonlinear elastic and inelastic deformations of curved thin shells. The coupling is based on a multiplicative decomposition of the surface deformation gradient. The kinematics of this…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-09-12 Roger A. Sauer , Reza Ghaffari , Anurag Gupta

Cutting-edge smart materials are transforming the domains of soft robotics, actuators, and sensors by harnessing diverse non-mechanical stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields. Accurately modelling their physical behaviour…

Classical Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Abhishek Ghosh , Andrew McBride , Zhaowei Liu , Luca Heltai , Paul Steinmann , Prashant Saxena

Starting from a three-dimensional model based on the Ciarlet-Geymonat energy, we derive nonlinear shell models within the classical elasticity theory of compressible isotropic materials. The Neo-Hookean term involving the norm of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Ionel-Dumitrel Ghiba , Trung Hieu Giang , Catalina Ureche

A geometrically exact dimensionally reduced order model for the nonlinear deformation of thin magnetoelastic shells is presented. The Kirchhoff-Love assumptions for the mechanical fields are generalised to the magnetic variables to derive a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Abhishek Ghosh , Andrew McBride , Zhaowei Liu , Luca Heltai , Paul Steinmann , Prashant Saxena

We develop a reduced model for hard-magnetic, thin, linear-elastic shells that can be actuated through an external magnetic field, with geometrically exact strain measures. Assuming a reduced kinematics based on the Kirchhoff-Love…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-08 Matteo Pezzulla , Dong Yan , Pedro M. Reis

Connecting cell behavior to tissue shape and mechanics is a key challenge in the physics of morphogenesis. Cytoskeletal turnover precludes a fixed reference state, and tensions are actively generated independently of strain; so conventional…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-28 Nikolas H. Claussen , Fridtjof Brauns , Boris I. Shraiman

We developed a physics-based analytical model to describe the nonlinear mechanical response of aspirated elastic shells. By representing the elastic energy through a stretching modulus, $K$, and a dimensionless ratio, $\delta$, capturing…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-01 Kazutoshi Masuda , Miho Yanagisawa

The mechanical behaviour of solid biological tissues has long been described using models based on classical continuum mechanics. However, the classical continuum theories of elasticity and viscoelasticity cannot easily capture the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 Shakti N. Menon , Cameron L. Hall , Scott W. McCue , D. L. Sean McElwain

Hard-magnetic soft materials (HMSMs) are particulate composites that consist of a soft matrix embedded with particles of high remnant magnetic induction. Since the application of an external magnetic flux induces a body couple in HMSMs, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-05 Farzam Dadgar-Rad , Mokarram Hossain

Shape transformations of epithelial tissues in three dimensions, which are crucial for embryonic development or in vitro organoid growth, can result from active forces generated within the cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells. How the…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Diana Khoromskaia , Guillaume Salbreux

The three-dimensional shapes of thin lamina such as leaves, flowers, feathers, wings etc, are driven by the differential strain induced by the relative growth. The growth takes place through variations in the Riemannian metric, given on the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-01-09 Marta Lewicka , L. Mahadevan , Mohammad Reza Pakzad

The geometrically rigorous nonlinear analysis of elastic shells is considered in the context of finite, but small, strain theory. The research is focused on the introduction of the full shell metric and examination of its influence on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-19 G. Radenković , A. Borković , B. Marussig

Three general modes are distinguished in the deformation of a thin shell; these are stretching, drilling, and bending. Of these, the drilling mode is the one more likely to emerge in a soft matter shell (as compared to a hard, structural…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-01-29 Andre M. Sonnet , Epifanio G. Virga

A constitutive relation between stress and strain relative to a reference state is the basic assumption of elasticity theory. However, in living matter, force generation is governed by motor molecule activity, which does not depend on…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-17 Nikolas H. Claussen , Fridtjof Brauns , Boris I. Shraiman

A state-based peridynamic formulation for linear elastic shells is presented. The emphasis is on introducing, possibly for the first time, a general surface based peridynamic model to represent the deformation characteristics of structures…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-08-04 Shubhankar Roy Chowdhury , Pranesh Roy , Debasish Roy , J. N. Reddy

We present a generic framework for modelling three-dimensional deformable shells of active matter that captures the orientational dynamics of the active particles and hydrodynamic interactions on the shell and with the surrounding…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-11-20 Luuk Metselaar , Julia M. Yeomans , Amin Doostmohammadi

We present an overdamped continuum description of oriented active solids in which interactions respect the symmetries of space but do not obey the principle of action and reaction. Taking position and orientation as kinematic variables, we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-16 Balázs Németh , Takuya Kobayashi , Ronojoy Adhikari
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