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Despite emerging efforts to enhance the safety of Vision-Language Models (VLMs), current approaches face two main shortcomings. 1) Existing safety-tuning datasets and benchmarks only partially consider how image-text interactions can yield…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Youngwan Lee , Kangsan Kim , Kwanyong Park , Ilcahe Jung , Soojin Jang , Seanie Lee , Yong-Ju Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Fake news undermines societal trust and decision-making across politics, economics, health, and international relations, and in extreme cases threatens human lives and societal safety. Because fake news reflects region-specific political,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Masahiro Kaneko , Ayana Niwa , Timothy Baldwin

The increasing availability of traffic videos functioning on a 24/7/365 time scale has the great potential of increasing the spatio-temporal coverage of traffic accidents, which will help improve traffic safety. However, analyzing footage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ruixuan Zhang , Beichen Wang , Juexiao Zhang , Zilin Bian , Chen Feng , Kaan Ozbay

Recently, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant performance across various video understanding tasks. However, their robustness, particularly when faced with manipulated video content, remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zixi Yang , Jiapeng Li , Muxi Diao , Yinuo Jing , Kongming Liang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are increasingly deployed in globally distributed applications, such as tourism assistants, yet their ability to produce culturally appropriate responses remains underexplored. Existing multimodal safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Haoyi Qiu , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Ruichen Zheng , Jiao Sun , Nanyun Peng

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive safety evaluations. In particular, the enhanced Chinese language proficiency of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Shuyi Liu , Simiao Cui , Haoran Bu , Yuming Shang , Xi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive zero-shot performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Integrating various modality encoders further expands their capabilities, giving rise to Multimodal Large…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Jing Shao , Yichi Wang , Le Yang , Chao Shen , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit advancing capabilities in complex tasks, such as reasoning and graduate-level question answering, yet their resilience against misuse, particularly involving scientifically sophisticated risks, remains…

Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

With the widespread use of multi-modal Large Language models (MLLMs), safety issues have become a growing concern. Multi-turn dialogues, which are more common in everyday interactions, pose a greater risk than single prompts; however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Han Zhu , Juntao Dai , Jiaming Ji , Haoran Li , Chengkun Cai , Pengcheng Wen , Chi-Min Chan , Boyuan Chen , Yaodong Yang , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in web-related tasks, but evaluating their performance in the web domain remains a challenge due to the lack of comprehensive benchmarks. Existing benchmarks are either designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Junpeng Liu , Yifan Song , Bill Yuchen Lin , Wai Lam , Graham Neubig , Yuanzhi Li , Xiang Yue

Unified Multimodal Models (UMMs) offer powerful cross-modality capabilities but introduce new safety risks not observed in single-task models. Despite their emergence, existing safety benchmarks remain fragmented across tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Segyu Lee , Boryeong Cho , Hojung Jung , Seokhyun An , Juhyeong Kim , Jaehyun Kwak , Yongjin Yang , Sangwon Jang , Youngrok Park , Wonjun Chang , Se-Young Yun

As large language models (LLMs) become deeply embedded in daily life, the urgent need for safer moderation systems that distinguish between naive and harmful requests while upholding appropriate censorship boundaries has never been greater.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Naseem Machlovi , Maryam Saleki , Ruhul Amin , Mohamed Rahouti , Shawqi Al-Maliki , Junaid Qadir , Mohamed M. Abdallah , Ala Al-Fuqaha

While the widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) holds great potential for society, their vulnerabilities to adversarial manipulation and exploitation can pose serious safety, security, and ethical risks. As new threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Charankumar Akiri , Harrison Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Aarav Khanna , Maanak Gupta

Numerous medical systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in diverse healthcare tasks. However, research on their medication safety remains limited due to the lack of real world datasets, constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahao Zhao , Luxin Xu , Minghuan Tan , Lichao Zhang , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang

Multimodal reward models (MRMs) play a crucial role in the training, inference, and evaluation of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) by assessing response quality. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating MRMs in the video domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhihong Zhang , Xiaojian Huang , Jin Xu , Zhuodong Luo , Xinzhi Wang , Jiansheng Wei , Xuejin Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have experienced rapid development in recent years. However, in the financial domain, there is a notable lack of effective and specialized multimodal evaluation datasets. To advance the development…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junyu Luo , Zhizhuo Kou , Liming Yang , Xiao Luo , Jinsheng Huang , Zhiping Xiao , Jingshu Peng , Chengzhong Liu , Jiaming Ji , Xuanzhe Liu , Sirui Han , Ming Zhang , Yike Guo

As the volume of video content online grows exponentially, the demand for moderation of unsafe videos has surpassed human capabilities, posing both operational and mental health challenges. While recent studies demonstrated the merits of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Adi Levi , Or Levi , Sardhendu Mishra , Jonathan Morra

The rapid evolution of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has enabled agents to perform complex digital and physical tasks, yet their deployment as autonomous decision-makers introduces substantial unintentional behavioral safety risks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yuxuan Li , Yi Lin , Peng Wang , Shiming Liu , Xuetao Wei

Built on the power of LLMs, numerous multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently achieved remarkable performance on various vision-language tasks. However, most existing MLLMs and benchmarks primarily focus on single-image input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Haowei Liu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Yaya Shi , Chaoya Jiang , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Chunfeng Yuan , Bing Li , Weiming Hu