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Balancing exploration and exploitation during reinforcement learning fine-tuning of generative models presents a critical challenge, as existing approaches rely on fixed divergence regularization that creates an inherent dilemma: strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jiajun Fan , Tong Wei , Chaoran Cheng , Yuxin Chen , Ge Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach to solving complex robotics problems. However, the process of learning through trial-and-error interactions is often highly time-consuming, despite recent advancements in RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Julia Tan , Ransalu Senanayake , Fabio Ramos

Recent studies have demonstrated that Reinforcement Learning (RL), notably Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), can intrinsically elicit and enhance the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, despite the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Xinyu Tian , Shu Zou , Zhaoyuan Yang , Mengqi He , Peter Tu , Jing Zhang

Offline policy learning is aimed at learning decision-making policies using existing datasets of trajectories without collecting additional data. The primary motivation for using reinforcement learning (RL) instead of supervised learning…

Generative models have emerged as a powerful class of policies for offline reinforcement learning (RL) due to their ability to capture complex, multi-modal behaviors. However, existing methods face a stark trade-off: slow, iterative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xinsong Feng , Leshu Tang , Chenan Wang , Haipeng Chen

Building generalist robot policies that can handle diverse tasks in open-ended environments is a central challenge in robotics. To leverage knowledge from large-scale pretraining, prior work (VLA) has typically built generalist policies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jianke Zhang , Yucheng Hu , Yanjiang Guo , Xiaoyu Chen , Yichen Liu , Wenna Chen , Chaochao Lu , Jianyu Chen

In distributed optimization, the practical problem-solving performance is essentially sensitive to algorithm selection, parameter setting, problem type and data pattern. Thus, it is often laborious to acquire a highly efficient method for a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Daokuan Zhu , Tianqi Xu , Jie Lu

Diffusion models have been successfully applied in areas such as image, video, and audio generation. Recent works show their promise for sequential decision-making and dexterous manipulation, leveraging their ability to model complex action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Maria Makarova , Qian Liu , Dzmitry Tsetserukou

In the field of online reinforcement learning (RL), traditional Gaussian policies and flow-based methods are often constrained by their unimodal expressiveness, complex gradient clipping, or stringent trust-region requirements. Moreover,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Qi Zhang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) looks at learning how to optimally solve tasks using a fixed dataset of interactions from the environment. Many off-policy algorithms developed for online learning struggle in the offline setting as they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Natinael Solomon Neggatu , Jeremie Houssineau , Giovanni Montana

The effective training of Large Language Models (LLMs) for function calling faces a critical challenge: balancing exploration of complex reasoning paths with stable policy optimization. Standard methods like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Safe reinforcement learning (safe RL) aims to respect safety requirements while optimizing long-term performance. In many practical applications, however, the problem involves an infinite number of constraints, known as semi-infinite safe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiaming Zhang , Yujie Yang , Haoning Wang , Liping Zhang , Shengbo Eben Li

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with offline reinforcement learning (RL) is essential for quickly adapting them to complex tasks. While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown promise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Huaijie Wang , Shibo Hao , Hanze Dong , Shenao Zhang , Yilin Bao , Ziran Yang , Yi Wu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective for autoregressive language models, but adapting these methods to diffusion large language models (dLLMs) presents fundamental challenges. The core difficulty lies in likelihood…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Jingyang Ou , Jiaqi Han , Minkai Xu , Shaoxuan Xu , Jianwen Xie , Stefano Ermon , Yi Wu , Chongxuan Li

Can we use reinforcement learning to learn general-purpose policies that can perform a wide range of different tasks, resulting in flexible and reusable skills? Contextual policies provide this capability in principle, but the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Soroush Nasiriany , Vitchyr H. Pong , Ashvin Nair , Alexander Khazatsky , Glen Berseth , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of samples; this often limits their real-world applications on even simple tasks. Such a challenge is more outstanding in multi-agent tasks, as each step of operation is more costly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Yali Du , Chengdong Ma , Yuchen Liu , Runji Lin , Hao Dong , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been a key driver of recent progress in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) for large language models, but it is typically trained in a low-staleness, near-on-policy regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Minghao Tian , Yunfei Xie , Chen Wei

Diffusion-based policies have gained growing popularity in solving a wide range of decision-making tasks due to their superior expressiveness and controllable generation during inference. However, effectively training large diffusion…

Instability and slowness are two main problems in deep reinforcement learning. Even if proximal policy optimization (PPO) is the state of the art, it still suffers from these two problems. We introduce an improved algorithm based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Zhenyu Zhang , Xiangfeng Luo , Tong Liu , Shaorong Xie , Jianshu Wang , Wei Wang , Yang Li , Yan Peng

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) is challenged by the distributional shift between learning policies and datasets. To address this problem, existing works mainly focus on designing sophisticated algorithms to explicitly or implicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yang Yue , Bingyi Kang , Xiao Ma , Zhongwen Xu , Gao Huang , Shuicheng Yan