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Semi-supervised learning is attracting blooming attention, due to its success in combining unlabeled data. To mitigate potentially incorrect pseudo labels, recent frameworks mostly set a fixed confidence threshold to discard uncertain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Lihe Yang , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Yu Qiao , Yinghuan Shi , Hengshuang Zhao

In learning tasks with label noise, improving model robustness against overfitting is a pivotal challenge because the model eventually memorizes labels, including the noisy ones. Identifying the samples with noisy labels and preventing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Reihaneh Torkzadehmahani , Reza Nasirigerdeh , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

As a fundamental visual attribute, image complexity significantly influences both human perception and the performance of computer vision models. However, accurately assessing and quantifying image complexity remains a challenging task. (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Shipeng Liu , Liang Zhao , Dengfeng Chen

Vision-language models like CLIP have achieved remarkable progress in cross-modal representation learning, yet suffer from systematic misclassifications among visually and semantically similar categories. We observe that such confusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Maoyuan Shao , Yutong Gao , Xinyang Huang , Chuang Zhu , Lijuan Sun , Guoshun Nan

Selective classification enables models to make predictions only when they are sufficiently confident, aiming to enhance safety and reliability, which is important in high-stakes scenarios. Previous methods mainly use deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yu-Chang Wu , Shen-Huan Lyu , Haopu Shang , Xiangyu Wang , Chao Qian

Automatic detection of speaker confidence is critical for adaptive computing but remains constrained by limited labelled data and the subjectivity of paralinguistic annotations. This paper proposes a semi-supervised hybrid framework that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Adam Wynn , Jingyun Wang

Driver observation models are rarely deployed under perfect conditions. In practice, illumination, camera placement and type differ from the ones present during training and unforeseen behaviours may occur at any time. While observing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Alina Roitberg , Kunyu Peng , David Schneider , Kailun Yang , Marios Koulakis , Manuel Martinez , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Positive-unlabeled learning (PUL) aims at learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled training data. Even though real-world applications often involve imbalanced datasets where the majority of examples belong to one class,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-12 Emilio Dorigatti , Jann Goschenhofer , Benjamin Schubert , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl

Deep neural networks are powerful tools to detect hidden patterns in data and leverage them to make predictions, but they are not designed to understand uncertainty and estimate reliable probabilities. In particular, they tend to be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-10 Bat-Sheva Einbinder , Yaniv Romano , Matteo Sesia , Yanfei Zhou

The crux of semi-supervised semantic segmentation is to assign adequate pseudo-labels to the pixels of unlabeled images. A common practice is to select the highly confident predictions as the pseudo ground-truth, but it leads to a problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yuchao Wang , Haochen Wang , Yujun Shen , Jingjing Fei , Wei Li , Guoqiang Jin , Liwei Wu , Rui Zhao , Xinyi Le

While significant advances exist in pseudo-label generation for semi-supervised semantic segmentation, pseudo-label selection remains understudied. Existing methods typically use fixed confidence thresholds to retain high-confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pan Liu , Jinshi Liu

Most machine learning-based image segmentation models produce pixel-wise confidence scores that represent the model's predicted probability for each class label at every pixel. While this information can be particularly valuable in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bruno Viti , Elias Karabelas , Martin Holler

Most pseudo-label selection strategies in semi-supervised learning rely on fixed confidence thresholds, implicitly assuming that prediction confidence reliably indicates correctness. In practice, deep networks are often overconfident:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Jinshi Liu , Pan Liu , Lei He

Do we need active learning? The rise of strong deep semi-supervised methods raises doubt about the usability of active learning in limited labeled data settings. This is caused by results showing that combining semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sandra Gilhuber , Rasmus Hvingelby , Mang Ling Ada Fok , Thomas Seidl

Training deep neural networks requires massive amounts of training data, but for many tasks only limited labeled data is available. This makes weak supervision attractive, using weak or noisy signals like the output of heuristic methods or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Mostafa Dehghani , Aliaksei Severyn , Sascha Rothe , Jaap Kamps

Semi-supervised learning has made significant strides in the medical domain since it alleviates the heavy burden of collecting abundant pixel-wise annotated data for semantic segmentation tasks. Existing semi-supervised approaches enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Xu Zheng , Chong Fu , Haoyu Xie , Jialei Chen , Xingwei Wang , Chiu-Wing Sham

While many works on Continual Learning have shown promising results for mitigating catastrophic forgetting, they have relied on supervised training. To successfully learn in a label-agnostic incremental setting, a model must distinguish…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Shivam Khare , Kun Cao , James Rehg

Addressing the rising concerns of privacy and security, domain adaptation in the dark aims to adapt a black-box source trained model to an unlabeled target domain without access to any source data or source model parameters. The need for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Chowdhury Sadman Jahan , Andreas Savakis

This study investigates barely-supervised medical image segmentation where only few labeled data, i.e., single-digit cases are available. We observe the key limitation of the existing state-of-the-art semi-supervised solution cross pseudo…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Huimin Wu , Xiaomeng Li , Yiqun Lin , Kwang-Ting Cheng

This paper presents one-bit supervision, a novel setting of learning from incomplete annotations, in the scenario of image classification. Instead of training a model upon the accurate label of each sample, our setting requires the model to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Hengtong Hu , Lingxi Xie , Zewei Du , Richang Hong , Qi Tian