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The rapid advancements of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) have catalyzed the development of adaptive traffic signal control systems (ATCS) for smart cities. In particular, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Ao Qu , Yihong Tang , Wei Ma

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attack usually refers to the form of long-term, covert and sustained attack on specific targets, with an adversary using advanced attack techniques to destroy the key facilities of an organization. APT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Tiantian Zhu , Jinkai Yu , Tieming Chen , Jiayu Wang , Jie Ying , Ye Tian , Mingqi Lv , Yan Chen , Yuan Fan , Ting Wang

Traffic sign recognition (TSR) systems are crucial for autonomous driving but are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Existing physical backdoor attacks either lack stealth, provide inflexible attack control, or ignore emerging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Shuai Yuan , Guowen Xu , Hongwei Li , Rui Zhang , Xinyuan Qian , Wenbo Jiang , Hangcheng Cao , Qingchuan Zhao

Nowadays, the susceptibility of deep neural networks (DNNs) has garnered significant attention. Researchers are exploring patch-based physical attacks, yet traditional approaches, while effective, often result in conspicuous patches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Kalibinuer Tiliwalidi

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent sophisticated cyberattacks characterized by their ability to remain undetected within the victim system for extended periods, aiming to exfiltrate sensitive data or disrupt operations. Existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Wei Qiao , Yebo Feng , Teng Li , Zhuo Ma , Yulong Shen , JianFeng Ma , Yang Liu

Adversarial examples have been shown to be the severe threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). One of the most effective adversarial defense methods is adversarial training (AT) through minimizing the adversarial risk $R_{adv}$, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Yiming Li , Baoyuan Wu , Yan Feng , Yanbo Fan , Yong Jiang , Zhifeng Li , Shutao Xia

Recently, some research show that deep neural networks are vulnerable to the adversarial attacks, the well-trainned samples or patches could be used to trick the neural network detector or human visual perception. However, these adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Xianyi Chen , Fazhan Liu , Dong Jiang , Kai Yan

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly applied in the real world in safety critical applications like advanced driver assistance systems. An example for such use case is represented by traffic sign recognition systems. At the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Fabian Woitschek , Georg Schneider

Localization in high-level Autonomous Driving (AD) systems is highly security critical. While the popular Multi-Sensor Fusion (MSF) based design can be more robust against single-source sensor spoofing attacks, it is found recently that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Junjie Shen , Yunpeng Luo , Ziwen Wan , Qi Alfred Chen

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) promise efficient, clean and cost-effective transportation systems, but their reliance on sensors, wireless communications, and decision-making systems makes them vulnerable to cyberattacks and physical threats.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Chieh Tsai , Murad Mehrab Abrar , Salim Hariri

It has been shown that natural language processing (NLP) models are vulnerable to a kind of security threat called the Backdoor Attack, which utilizes a `backdoor trigger' paradigm to mislead the models. The most threatening backdoor attack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Lingfeng Shen , Haiyun Jiang , Lemao Liu , Shuming Shi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems are vulnerable to attacks that inject poisoned passages into the retrieved context, even at low corruption rates. We show that existing attacks are not designed to be stealthy, allowing reliable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Sarthak Choudhary , Nils Palumbo , Ashish Hooda , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Somesh Jha

Recent studies show that the state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial examples, resulting from small-magnitude perturbations added to the input. Given that that emerging physical systems are using DNNs in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Kevin Eykholt , Ivan Evtimov , Earlence Fernandes , Bo Li , Amir Rahmati , Chaowei Xiao , Atul Prakash , Tadayoshi Kohno , Dawn Song

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) have grown increasingly complex and concealed, posing formidable challenges to existing Intrusion Detection Systems in identifying and mitigating these attacks. Recent studies have incorporated graph…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wenhan Jiang , Tingting Chai , Hongri Liu , Kai Wang , Hongke Zhang

This paper investigates the vulnerability of urban traffic networks to cyber-attacks on traffic lights. We model traffic signal tampering as a bi-objective optimization problem that simultaneously seeks to reduce vehicular throughput in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-22 Bilal Thonnam Thodi , Timothy Mulumba , Saif Eddin Jabari

Traffic light detection is crucial for environment perception and decision-making in autonomous driving. State-of-the-art detectors are built upon deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and have exhibited promising performance. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Liang Gou , Lincan Zou , Nanxiang Li , Michael Hofmann , Arvind Kumar Shekar , Axel Wendt , Liu Ren

Trajectory prediction is essential for autonomous vehicles (AVs) to plan correct and safe driving behaviors. While many prior works aim to achieve higher prediction accuracy, few study the adversarial robustness of their methods. To bridge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Yulong Cao , Chaowei Xiao , Anima Anandkumar , Danfei Xu , Marco Pavone

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a significant challenge in cybersecurity due to their sophisticated and stealthy nature. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) often fall short in detecting these multi-stage attacks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Atmane Ayoub Mansour Bahar , Kamel Soaid Ferrahi , Mohamed-Lamine Messai , Hamida Seba , Karima Amrouche

The advent of convenient and efficient fully unmanned stores equipped with artificial intelligence-based automated checkout systems marks a new era in retail. However, these systems have inherent artificial intelligence security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Hyunsik Na , Wonho Lee , Seungdeok Roh , Sohee Park , Daeseon Choi

Anomaly Detection (AD) and Anomaly Localization (AL) are crucial in fields that demand high reliability, such as medical imaging and industrial monitoring. However, current AD and AL approaches are often susceptible to adversarial attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mojtaba Nafez , Amirhossein Koochakian , Arad Maleki , Jafar Habibi , Mohammad Hossein Rohban