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Traffic sign recognition is an essential component of perception in autonomous vehicles, which is currently performed almost exclusively with deep neural networks (DNNs). However, DNNs are known to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Svetlana Pavlitska , Nico Lambing , J. Marius Zöllner

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) increasingly use DNN-based object detection models in vision-based perception. Correct detection and classification of obstacles is critical to ensure safe, trustworthy driving decisions. Adversarial patches aim to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jaden Mu

Sign recognition is an integral part of autonomous cars. Any misclassification of traffic signs can potentially lead to a multitude of disastrous consequences, ranging from a life-threatening accident to even a large-scale interruption of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Chawin Sitawarin , Arjun Nitin Bhagoji , Arsalan Mosenia , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

This paper studies how well Naturalistic Adversarial Patches (NAPs) transfer to a physical traffic sign setting when the detector is trained on a customized dataset for an autonomous vehicle (AV) environment. We construct a composite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Brianna D'Urso , Tahmid Hasan Sakib , Syed Rafay Hasan , Terry N. Guo

Stand-alone Visual Place Recognition (VPR) systems have little defence against a well-designed adversarial attack, which can lead to disastrous consequences when deployed for robot navigation. This paper extensively analyzes the effect of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Connor Malone , Owen Claxton , Iman Shames , Michael Milford

Object detection is a crucial task in autonomous driving. While existing research has proposed various attacks on object detection, such as those using adversarial patches or stickers, the exploration of projection attacks on 3D surfaces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ce Zhou , Qiben Yan , Sijia Liu

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) increasingly rely on deep learning-based perception models, which remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we revisit adversarial attacks and defense methods, focusing on road sign…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Cheng Chen , Yuhong Wang , Nafis S Munir , Xiangwei Zhou , Xugui Zhou

Adversarial attacks have emerged as a critical threat to autonomous driving systems. These attacks exploit the underlying neural network, allowing small, almost invisible, perturbations to alter the behavior of such systems in potentially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Richard E. Neddo , Emmanuel Atindama , Zander W. Blasingame , Chen Liu

Deep neural networks have demonstrated excellent performance in SAR target detection tasks but remain susceptible to adversarial attacks. Existing SAR-specific attack methods can effectively deceive detectors; however, they often introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiming Zhang , Weibo Qin , Feng Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown considerable potential in autonomous driving (AD), yet its vulnerability to perturbations remains a critical barrier to real-world deployment. As a primary countermeasure, adversarial training improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Qi Wei , Junchao Fan , Zhao Yang , Jianhua Wang , Jingkai Mao , Xiaolin Chang

Physical adversarial attacks on road signs are continuously exploiting vulnerabilities in modern day autonomous vehicles (AVs) and impeding their ability to correctly classify what type of road sign they encounter. Current models cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Aakriti Shah

We present a novel physical-world attack on autonomous vehicle (AV) lane detection systems that leverages negative shadows -- bright, lane-like patterns projected by passively redirecting sunlight through occluders. These patterns exploit…

Despite significant advancements in deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based autonomous driving policies, these policies still exhibit vulnerability to adversarial attacks. This vulnerability poses a formidable challenge to the practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Junchao Fan , Xuyang Lei , Xiaolin Chang , Jelena Mišić , Vojislav B. Mišić

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a growing menace to modern digital infrastructure. Unlike traditional cyberattacks, APTs are stealthy, adaptive, and long-lasting, often bypassing signature-based detection systems. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Modern autonomous driving (AD) systems leverage 3D object detection to perceive foreground objects in 3D environments for subsequent prediction and planning. Visual 3D detection based on RGB cameras provides a cost-effective solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jian Wang , Lijun He , Yixing Yong , Haixia Bi , Fan Li

Estimating the risk level of adversarial examples is essential for safely deploying machine learning models in the real world. One popular approach for physical-world attacks is to adopt the "sticker-pasting" strategy, which however suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Yiqi Zhong , Xianming Liu , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Xiangyang Ji

Physical adversarial attacks against deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently gained increasing attention. The current mainstream physical attacks use printed adversarial patches or camouflage to alter the appearance of the target object.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Donghua Wang , Wen Yao , Tingsong Jiang , Chao Li , Xiaoqian Chen

The existence of real-world adversarial examples (commonly in the form of patches) poses a serious threat for the use of deep learning models in safety-critical computer vision tasks such as visual perception in autonomous driving. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Giulio Rossolini , Federico Nesti , Gianluca D'Amico , Saasha Nair , Alessandro Biondi , Giorgio Buttazzo

Physical adversarial patch attacks critically threaten pedestrian detection, causing surveillance and autonomous driving systems to miss pedestrians and creating severe safety risks. Despite their effectiveness in controlled settings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Shihui Yan , Ziqi Zhou , Yufei Song , Yifan Hu , Minghui Li , Shengshan Hu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are found to be vulnerable against adversarial examples, which are carefully crafted inputs with a small magnitude of perturbation aiming to induce arbitrarily incorrect predictions. Recent studies show that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Yulong Cao , Chaowei Xiao , Dawei Yang , Jing Fang , Ruigang Yang , Mingyan Liu , Bo Li