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Formal verification provides the highest assurance of software correctness and security, but its application to large-scale, evolving systems remains a major challenge. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yuwei Liu , Xinyi Wan , Yanhao Wang , Minghua Wang , Lin Huang , Tao Wei

The work concerns formal verification of workflow-oriented software models using deductive approach. The formal correctness of a model's behaviour is considered. Manually building logical specifications, which are considered as a set of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-01-05 Radoslaw Klimek

Compositional visual reasoning methods, which translate a complex query into a structured composition of feasible visual tasks, have exhibited a strong potential in complicated multi-modal tasks. Empowered by recent advances in large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yuxuan Wang , Alan Yuille , Zhuowan Li , Zilong Zheng

Recent frontier large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in identifying security vulnerabilities in large, mature open-source systems. As LLM-generated code becomes increasingly common, a natural goal is to prevent such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhaorui Li , Chengyu Song

Document forgery poses a growing threat to legal, economic, and governmental processes, requiring increasingly sophisticated verification mechanisms. One approach involves the use of plausibility checks, rule-based procedures that assess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Valentin Schmidberger , Manuel Eberhardinger , Setareh Maghsudi , Johannes Maucher

Text-based explainable recommendation aims to generate natural-language explanations that justify item recommendations, to improve user trust and system transparency. Although recent advances leverage LLMs to produce fluent outputs, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ben Kabongo , Vincent Guigue

While explicit reasoning trajectories enhance model interpretability, existing paradigms often rely on monolithic chains that lack intermediate verification, allowing early errors to cascade unchecked. This lack of modularity impedes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yinsheng Yao , Jiehao Tang , Zhaozhen Yang , Dawei Cheng

Empowering large language models (LLMs) with effective tool utilization capabilities is crucial for enabling AI agents to solve complex problems. However, current models face two major limitations: (1) unreliable tool planning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zhiyuan Ma , Jiayu Liu , Xianzhen Luo , Zhenya Huang , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Verifying the complex and multi-step reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical challenge, as holistic methods often overlook localized flaws. Step-by-step validation is a promising alternative, yet existing methods are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jiwei Fang , Bin Zhang , Changwei Wang , Jin Wan , Zhiwei Xu

Formally verifying properties of software code has been a highly desirable task, especially with the emergence of LLM-generated code. In the same vein, they provide an interesting avenue for the exploration of formal verification and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Balaji Rao , William Eiers , Carlo Lipizzi

As financial applications of large language models (LLMs) gain attention, accurate Information Retrieval (IR) remains crucial for reliable AI services. However, existing benchmarks fail to capture the complex and domain-specific information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Hyunkyu Kim , Yeeun Yoo , Youngjun Kwak

In modern automotive development, security testing is critical for safeguarding systems against increasingly advanced threats. Attack trees are widely used to systematically represent potential attack vectors, but generating comprehensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Tanmay Khule , Stefan Marksteiner , Jose Alguindigue , Hannes Fuchs , Sebastian Fischmeister , Apurva Narayan

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for software engineering, constructing high-quality benchmarks is crucial for evaluating not just the functional correctness, but also the formal verifiability of generated code.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yifan Bai , Xiaoyang Liu , Zihao Mou , Guihong Wang , Jian Yu , Shuhan Xie , Yantao Li , Yangyu Zhang , Jingwei Liang , Tao Luo

Scientific claim verification can help the researchers to easily find the target scientific papers with the sentence evidence from a large corpus for the given claim. Some existing works propose pipeline models on the three tasks of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Zhiwei Zhang , Jiyi Li , Fumiyo Fukumoto , Yanming Ye

The remarkable reasoning and code generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have recently motivated increasing interest in automating formal verification (FV), a process that ensures hardware correctness through mathematically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lily Jiaxin Wan , Chia-Tung Ho , Yunsheng Bai , Cunxi Yu , Deming Chen , Haoxing Ren

This paper presents an overview of an assembler driven verification methodology (ADVM) that was created and implemented for a chip card project at Infineon Technologies AG. The primary advantage of this methodology is that it enables rapid…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-11-09 John S. Macbeth , Dietmar Heinz , Ken Gray

As large language models (LLMs) see wide adoption in software engineering, the reliable assessment of the correctness and security of LLM-generated code is crucial. Notably, prior work showed that LLMs are prone to generating code with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tobias von Arx , Niels Mündler , Mark Vero , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Safety- and security-critical systems have to be thoroughly tested against their specifications. The state of practice is to have _natural language_ specifications, from which test cases are derived manually - a process that is slow,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kuangxiangzi Liu , Dhiman Chakraborty , Alexander Liggesmeyer , Andreas Zeller

Despite the transformative potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in hardware design, a comprehensive evaluation of their capabilities in design verification remains underexplored. Current efforts predominantly focus on RTL generation…

Unsupervised methods are widely used to induce latent semantic structure from large text collections, yet their outputs often contain incoherent, redundant, or poorly grounded clusters that are difficult to validate without labeled data. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tunazzina Islam