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Related papers: NumPert: Numerical Perturbations to Probe Language…

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Large language models are increasingly deployed in settings where relevant information is embedded within long and noisy contexts. Despite this, robustness to growing context length remains poorly understood across different question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Trishita Dhara , Siddhesh Sheth

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in information-seeking and decision-making tasks. Despite their broad utility, LLMs tend to generate information that conflicts with real-world facts, and their persuasive style can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Arslan Chaudhry , Sridhar Thiagarajan , Dilan Gorur

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as information sources, yet small changes in semantic framing can destabilize their truth judgments. We propose P-StaT (Perturbation Stability of Truth), an evaluation framework for testing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Samantha Dies , Courtney Maynard , Germans Savcisens , Tina Eliassi-Rad

Large language models are trained on vast amounts of internet data, prompting concerns and speculation that they have memorized public benchmarks. Going from speculation to proof of contamination is challenging, as the pretraining data used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yonatan Oren , Nicole Meister , Niladri Chatterji , Faisal Ladhak , Tatsunori B. Hashimoto

With the widespread adoption of vibe coding, understanding the reasoning and robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for their reliable use in programming tasks. While recent studies assess LLMs' ability to predict program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Pedro Orvalho , Marta Kwiatkowska

Large language models (LLMs) exhibiting test-time scaling behavior, such as extended reasoning traces and self-verification, have demonstrated remarkable performance on complex, long-term reasoning tasks. However, the robustness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Gleb Rodionov

Contextual question-answering models are susceptible to adversarial perturbations to input context, commonly observed in real-world scenarios. These adversarial noises are designed to degrade the performance of the model by distorting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Asir Saadat , Nahian Ibn Asad

With the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs), hallucinations, which are non-factual fabrications in model outputs, have become serious concerns. Reasoning capabilities have received attention as a self-verification process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Junichiro Niimi

Pre-trained LMs have shown impressive performance on downstream NLP tasks, but we have yet to establish a clear understanding of their sophistication when it comes to processing, retaining, and applying information presented in their input.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Lalchand Pandia , Allyson Ettinger

As large language models attract increasing attention and find widespread application, concurrent challenges of reliability also arise at the same time. Confidence calibration, an effective analysis method for gauging the reliability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Chiwei Zhu , Benfeng Xu , Quan Wang , Yongdong Zhang , Zhendong Mao

Accurate and robust trajectory predictions of road users are needed to enable safe automated driving. To do this, machine learning models are often used, which can show erratic behavior when presented with previously unseen inputs. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Manuel Muñoz Sánchez , Emilia Silvas , Jos Elfring , René van de Molengraft

Large Language Models have revolutionized various fields and industries, such as Conversational AI, Content Generation, Information Retrieval, Business Intelligence, and Medical, to name a few. One major application in the field of medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ata Mustafa

When pre-trained on large unsupervised textual corpora, language models are able to store and retrieve factual knowledge to some extent, making it possible to use them directly for zero-shot cloze-style question answering. However, storing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Fabio Petroni , Patrick Lewis , Aleksandra Piktus , Tim Rocktäschel , Yuxiang Wu , Alexander H. Miller , Sebastian Riedel

There has been extensive research on assessing the value orientation of Large Language Models (LLMs) as it can shape user experiences across demographic groups. However, several challenges remain. First, while the Multiple Choice Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Siqi Shen , Mehar Singh , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Rada Mihalcea

Predictive uncertainty estimation of pre-trained language models is an important measure of how likely people can trust their predictions. However, little is known about what makes a model prediction uncertain. Explaining predictive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Hanjie Chen , Wanyu Du , Yangfeng Ji

As language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in high-stakes settings, ensuring that they reliably follow user-defined rules has become a critical safety concern. To this end, we study whether language models exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Dylan Sam , Alexander Robey , Andy Zou , Matt Fredrikson , J. Zico Kolter

Large language models based on transformer architectures have become integral to state-of-the-art natural language processing applications. However, their training remains computationally expensive and exhibits instabilities, some of which…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-14 Stanislav Budzinskiy , Wenyi Fang , Longbin Zeng , Philipp Petersen

Recent advancements in language models have led to significant improvements in mathematical reasoning across various benchmarks. However, most of these benchmarks rely on automatic evaluation methods that only compare final answers using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yu Wang , Nan Yang , Liang Wang , Furu Wei , Fuli Feng

The rise of language models such as BERT allows for high-quality text paraphrasing. This is a problem to academic integrity, as it is difficult to differentiate between original and machine-generated content. We propose a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp

Negations are key to determining sentence meaning, making them essential for logical reasoning. Despite their importance, negations pose a substantial challenge for large language models (LLMs) and remain underexplored. We constructed and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tereza Vrabcová , Marek Kadlčík , Petr Sojka , Michal Štefánik , Michal Spiegel