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Locomotion by shape changes (spermatozoon swimming, snake slithering, bird flapping) or gas expulsion (rocket firing) is assumed to require environmental interaction, due to conservation of momentum. As first noted in (Wisdom, 2003) and…

Flagellated microorganisms can swim at low Reynolds numbers and adapt to changes in their environment. Specifically, the flagella can switch their shapes or modes through gene expression. In the past decade, efforts have been made to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Liyuan Tan , Yang Yang , Li Fang , David J. Cappelleri

This study presents the development and experimental verification of a biomimetic manta ray robot for underwater autonomous exploration. Inspired by manta rays, the robot uses flapping motion for propulsion to minimize seabed disturbance…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Kenta Tabata , Ryosuke Oku , Jun Ito , Renato Miyagusuku , Koichi Ozaki

In this paper, we propose a novel design of a hybrid mobile robot with controllable stiffness and deformable shape. Compared to conventional mobile agents, our system can switch between rigid and compliant phases by solidifying or melting…

In this paper we present a mission architecture and a robotic platform, the Shapeshifter, that allow multi-domain and redundant mobility on Saturn's moon Titan, and potentially other bodies with atmospheres. The Shapeshifter is a collection…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Andrea Tagliabue , Stephanie Schneider , Marco Pavone , Ali-akbar Agha-mohammadi

Adaptive morphogenetic robots adapt their morphology and control policies to meet changing tasks and environmental conditions. Many such systems leverage soft components, which enable shape morphing but also introduce simulation and control…

This research introduces a novel hydrofoil-based propulsion framework for unmanned aquatic robots, inspired by the undulating locomotion observed in select aquatic species. The proposed system incorporates a camber-modulating mechanism to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Luca Romanello , Leonard Hohaus , David-Marian Schmitt , Mirko Kovac , Sophie F. Armanini

Mudskippers are unique amphibious fish capable of locomotion in diverse environments, including terrestrial surfaces, aquatic habitats, and highly viscous substrates such as mud. This versatile locomotion is largely enabled by their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Shashwat Singh , Sheri Zhang , Spencer Matonis , Zeynep Temel

Robots operating in the real world will experience a range of different environments and tasks. It is essential for the robot to have the ability to adapt to its surroundings to work efficiently in changing conditions. Evolutionary robotics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Tønnes F. Nygaard , Charles P. Martin , David Howard , Jim Torresen , Kyrre Glette

Unlike most human-engineered systems, many biological systems rely on emergent behaviors from low-level interactions, enabling greater diversity and superior adaptation to complex, dynamic environments. This study explores emergent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Trevor Smith , Yu Gu

Salamander-like quadruped robots are designed inspired by the skeletal structure of their biological counterparts. However, existing controllers cannot fully exploit these morphological features and largely rely on predefined gait patterns…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiang Liu , Yang Liu , Yongchun Fang , Xian Guo

What if a robot could rethink its own morphological representation to better meet the demands of diverse tasks? Most robotic systems today treat their physical form as a fixed constraint rather than an adaptive resource, forcing the same…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Nataliya Nechyporenko , Yutong Zhang , Sean Campbell , Alessandro Roncone

The backswimmer fly is an aquatic insect, capable of regulating its buoyancy underwater. Its abdomen is covered with hemoglobin cells, used to bind and release oxygen, reversibly. Upon entering water, the fly entraps an air bubble in a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Dror Kobo , Bat-El Pinchasik

Robotic arms are essential to modern industries, however, their adaptability to unstructured environments remains limited. Soft robotic arms, particularly those actuated pneumatically, offer greater adaptability in unstructured environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Runze Zuo , Dong Heon Han , Richard Li , Saima Jamal , Daniel Bruder

Wireless millimeter-scale origami robots that can locomote in narrow spaces and morph their shapes have recently been explored with great potential for biomedical applications. Existing millimeter-scale origami devices usually require…

Bio-inspired vehicles are currently leading the way in the quest to produce a vehicle capable of flight and underwater navigation. However, a fully functional vehicle has not yet been realized. We present the first fully functional vehicle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Marco M. Maia , Parth Soni , Francisco J. Diez

Robots able to run, fly, and grasp have a high potential to solve a wide scope of tasks and navigate in complex environments. Several mechatronic designs of such robots with adaptive morphologies are emerging. However, the task of landing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Mikhail Martynov , Zhanibek Darush , Aleksey Fedoseev , Dzmitry Tsetserukou

Environments with large terrain height variations present great challenges for legged robot locomotion. Drawing inspiration from fire ants' collective assembly behavior, we study strategies that can enable two ``connectable'' robots to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Haodi Hu , Xingjue Liao , Wuhao Du , Feifei Qian

Many organisms leverage an interplay between shape and activity to generate motion and adapt to their environment. Embedding such feedback into synthetic microrobots could eliminate the need for sensors, software, and actuators, yet current…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-06-19 Mengshi Wei , Daniela J. Kraft

Despite a significant proportion of the Earth being covered in water, exploration of what lies below has been limited due to the challenges and difficulties inherent in the process. Current state of the art robots such as Remotely Operated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Danyaal Kaleel , Benoit Clement , Kaspar Althoefer