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Machine unlearning, the study of efficiently removing the impact of specific training instances on a model, has garnered increased attention in recent years due to regulatory guidelines such as the \emph{Right to be Forgotten}. Achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Martin Pawelczyk , Seth Neel , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Despite legal mandates for the right to be forgotten, AI operators routinely fail to comply with data deletion requests. While machine unlearning (MU) provides a technical solution to remove personal data's influence from trained models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Qinqi Lin , Ningning Ding , Lingjie Duan , Jianwei Huang

Research on large language model (LLM) security is shifting from "will the model leak training data" to a more consequential question: can an agent with persistent, long-term memory be continuously shaped, cross-session poisoned, accessed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zehao Lin , Chunyu Li , Kai Chen

Recent advances in large reasoning models (LRMs) have enabled strong chain-of-thought (CoT) generation through test-time computation. While these multi-step reasoning capabilities represent a major milestone in language model performance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Changsheng Wang , Chongyu Fan , Yihua Zhang , Jinghan Jia , Dennis Wei , Parikshit Ram , Nathalie Baracaldo , Sijia Liu

Machine unlearning focuses on efficiently removing specific data from trained models, addressing privacy and compliance concerns with reasonable costs. Although exact unlearning ensures complete data removal equivalent to retraining, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Nima Naderloui , Shenao Yan , Binghui Wang , Jie Fu , Wendy Hui Wang , Weiran Liu , Yuan Hong

Large language models (LLMs) have become the backbone of modern natural language processing but pose privacy concerns about leaking sensitive training data. Membership inference attacks (MIAs), which aim to infer whether a sample is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Toan Tran , Ruixuan Liu , Li Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their tendency to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks, particularly during fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Badrinath Ramakrishnan , Akshaya Balaji

Robust unlearning is crucial for safely deploying large language models (LLMs) in environments where data privacy, model safety, and regulatory compliance must be ensured. Yet the task is inherently challenging, partly due to difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Vineeth Dorna , Anmol Mekala , Wenlong Zhao , Andrew McCallum , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter , Pratyush Maini

The inability to filter out in advance all potentially problematic data from the pre-training of large language models has given rise to the need for methods for unlearning specific pieces of knowledge after training. Existing techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Seyun Bae , Seokhan Lee , Eunho Yang

Machine unlearning has great significance in guaranteeing model security and protecting user privacy. Additionally, many legal provisions clearly stipulate that users have the right to demand model providers to delete their own data from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Yingzhe He , Guozhu Meng , Kai Chen , Jinwen He , Xingbo Hu

During pretraining, LLMs inadvertently memorize sensitive or copyrighted data, posing significant compliance challenges under legal frameworks like the GDPR and the EU AI Act. Fulfilling these mandates demands techniques that can remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Efstratios Zaradoukas , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Large Language Models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive information during training, posing significant privacy risks. Machine unlearning has emerged as a promising solution to selectively remove such information without full retraining.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yuze Wang , Yujia Tong , Xuan Liu , Junhao Dong

Machine unlearning has emerged as a critical capability for addressing privacy, safety, and regulatory concerns in large language models (LLMs). Existing methods operate at the sequence level, applying uniform updates across all tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiawei Wu , Doudou Zhou

The Right to be Forgotten is a core principle outlined by regulatory frameworks such as the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This principle allows individuals to request that their personal data be deleted from deployed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Alex Oesterling , Jiaqi Ma , Flavio P. Calmon , Hima Lakkaraju

LLM have achieved success in many fields but still troubled by problematic content in the training corpora. LLM unlearning aims at reducing their influence and avoid undesirable behaviours. However, existing unlearning methods remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Hongbang Yuan , Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Machine Unlearning (MU) technology facilitates the removal of the influence of specific data instances from trained models on request. Despite rapid advancements in MU technology, its vulnerabilities are still underexplored, posing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zhihao Sui , Liang Hu , Jian Cao , Dora D. Liu , Usman Naseem , Zhongyuan Lai , Qi Zhang

The right to erasure requires removal of a user's information from data held by organizations, with rigorous interpretations extending to downstream products such as learned models. Retraining from scratch with the particular user's data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Scott Alfeld

Recently enacted legislation grants individuals certain rights to decide in what fashion their personal data may be used, and in particular a "right to be forgotten". This poses a challenge to machine learning: how to proceed when an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Thomas Baumhauer , Pascal Schöttle , Matthias Zeppelzauer

The undesired memorization of sensitive information by Large Language Models (LLMs) has emphasized the need for safety mechanisms that can regulate model behavior. This has led to the development of machine unlearning techniques that enable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anu Agarwal , Mihir Pamnani , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer extensive knowledge across various domains, but they may inadvertently memorize sensitive, unauthorized, or malicious data, such as personal information in the medical and financial sectors. Machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 YuXuan Wu , Bonaventure F. P. Dossou , Dianbo Liu