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Aspect sentiment quad prediction (ASQP) facilitates a detailed understanding of opinions expressed in a text by identifying the opinion term, aspect term, aspect category and sentiment polarity for each opinion. However, annotating a full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Nils Constantin Hellwig , Jakob Fehle , Udo Kruschwitz , Christian Wolff

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a widely-used tool for information seeking, but their generated outputs are prone to hallucination. In this work, our aim is to allow LLMs to generate text with citations, improving their factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Tianyu Gao , Howard Yen , Jiatong Yu , Danqi Chen

This paper introduces a human-in-the-loop (HITL) data annotation pipeline to generate high-quality, large-scale speech datasets. The pipeline combines human and machine advantages to more quickly, accurately, and cost-effectively annotate…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-06 Mingkuan Liu , Chi Zhang , Hua Xing , Chao Feng , Monchu Chen , Judith Bishop , Grace Ngapo

In the era of rapid digital communication, vast amounts of textual data are generated daily, demanding efficient methods for latent content analysis to extract meaningful insights. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ljubisa Bojic , Olga Zagovora , Asta Zelenkauskaite , Vuk Vukovic , Milan Cabarkapa , Selma Veseljević Jerkovic , Ana Jovančevic

Human annotation cost and time remain significant bottlenecks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with test data annotation being particularly expensive due to the stringent requirement for low-error and high-quality labels necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Antonio Purificato , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Andrea Bacciu , Amin Mantrach , Fabrizio Silvestri

Semantic similarity between two sentences depends on the aspects considered between those sentences. To study this phenomenon, Deshpande et al. (2023) proposed the Conditional Semantic Textual Similarity (C-STS) task and annotated a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gaifan Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

The conventional paradigm of using large language models (LLMs) for natural language generation (NLG) evaluation relies on pre-defined task definitions and evaluation criteria, positioning LLMs as "passive critics" that strictly follow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shuying Xu , Junjie Hu , Ming Jiang

Despite recent advancements in speech emotion recognition (SER) models, state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) approaches face the challenge of the limited availability of annotated data. Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised our…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Siddique Latif , Muhammad Usama , Mohammad Ibrahim Malik , Björn W. Schuller

The applicability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in temporal reasoning tasks over data that is not present during training is still a field that remains to be explored. In this paper we work on this topic, focusing on structured and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Alfredo Garrachón Ruiz , Tomás de la Rosa , Daniel Borrajo

Large language models (LLMs) and agent techniques have brought a fundamental shift in the functionality and development paradigm of data analysis tasks (a.k.a LLM/Agent-as-Data-Analyst), demonstrating substantial impact across both academia…

Automatic evaluation is an integral aspect of dialogue system research. The traditional reference-based NLG metrics are generally found to be unsuitable for dialogue assessment. Consequently, recent studies have suggested various unique,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Yiming Chen , Malu Zhang , Haizhou Li

Experimental evaluations of software engineering innovations, e.g., tools and processes, often include human-subject studies as a component of a multi-pronged strategy to obtain greater generalizability of the findings. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Toufique Ahmed , Premkumar Devanbu , Christoph Treude , Michael Pradel

Test collections are information-retrieval tools that allow researchers to quickly and easily evaluate ranking algorithms. While test collections have become an integral part of IR research, the process of data creation involves significant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Rikiya Takehi , Ellen M. Voorhees , Tetsuya Sakai , Ian Soboroff

Large-scale supervised data is essential for training modern ranking models, but obtaining high-quality human annotations is costly. Click data has been widely used as a low-cost alternative, and with recent advances in large language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lulu Yu , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Shihao Liu , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

We present a novel approach for enhancing diversity and control in data annotation tasks by personalizing large language models (LLMs). We investigate the impact of injecting diverse persona descriptions into LLM prompts across two studies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Leon Fröhling , Gianluca Demartini , Dennis Assenmacher

Software maintenance constitutes a substantial portion of the total lifetime costs of software, with a significant portion attributed to code comprehension. Software comprehension is eased by documentation such as comments that summarize…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Skyler Grandel , Scott Thomas Andersen , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. Advanced utilization of the knowledge embedded in LLMs for automated annotation has consistently been explored. This study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yusong Zhang , Dong Dong , Chi-tim Hung , Leonard Heyerdahl , Tamara Giles-Vernick , Eng-kiong Yeoh

Work done to uncover the knowledge encoded within pre-trained language models rely on annotated corpora or human-in-the-loop methods. However, these approaches are limited in terms of scalability and the scope of interpretation. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Basel Mousi , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi

In the rapidly evolving field of Explainable Natural Language Processing (NLP), textual explanations, i.e., human-like rationales, are pivotal for explaining model predictions and enriching datasets with interpretable labels. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mahdi Dhaini , Juraj Vladika , Ege Erdogan , Zineb Attaoui , Gjergji Kasneci

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and Llama 2, show remarkable proficiency in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Despite their effectiveness, the high costs associated with their use pose a challenge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Bálint Csanády , Lajos Muzsai , Péter Vedres , Zoltán Nádasdy , András Lukács