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Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the density matrix of a quantum system from measured data, is of fundamental importance for the verification of present and future quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-22 M. Cramer , M. B. Plenio

We introduce the problem of *shadow tomography*: given an unknown $D$-dimensional quantum mixed state $\rho$, as well as known two-outcome measurements $E_{1},\ldots,E_{M}$, estimate the probability that $E_{i}$ accepts $\rho$, to within…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-14 Scott Aaronson

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…

It has been recently shown that a state generated by a one-dimensional noisy quantum computer is well approximated by a matrix product operator with a finite bond dimension independent of the number of qubits. We show that full quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-14 Alexander Lidiak , Casey Jameson , Zhen Qin , Gongguo Tang , Michael B. Wakin , Zhihui Zhu , Zhexuan Gong

Partial tomography, which focuses on reconstructing reduced density matrices (RDMs), has emerged as a promising approach for characterizing complex quantum systems, particularly when full state tomography is impractical. Recently,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Chao Wei , Tao Xin

We study the performance of efficient quantum state tomography methods based on neural network quantum states using measured data from a two-photon experiment. Machine learning inspired variational methods provide a promising route towards…

We propose an efficient quantum state tomography method inspired by compressed sensing and threshold quantum state tomography that can drastically reduce the number of measurement settings to reconstruct the density matrix of an $N$-qudit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Giovanni Garberoglio , Maurizio Dapor , Diego Maragnano , Marco Liscidini , Daniele Binosi

Quantum state tomography is a crucial technique for characterizing the state of a quantum system, which is essential for many applications in quantum technologies. In recent years, there has been growing interest in leveraging neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Nhan Trong Luu , Tuyen Quang Nguyen , Duong Trung Luu , Thang Cong Truong

Reconstructing the state of a complex quantum system represents a pivotal task for all quantum information applications, both for characterization purposes and for verification of quantum protocols. Recent technological developments have…

Quantum noise fundamentally limits the utility of near-term quantum devices, making error mitigation essential for practical quantum computation. While traditional quantum error correction codes require substantial qubit overhead and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Karan Kendre

Characterizing complex quantum systems is a vital task in quantum information science. Quantum tomography, the standard tool used for this purpose, uses a well-designed measurement record to reconstruct quantum states and processes. It is,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-10 Amir Kalev , Robert L. Kosut , Ivan H. Deutsch

Characterizing quantum systems is a fundamental task that enables the development of quantum technologies. Various approaches, ranging from full tomography to instances of classical shadows, have been proposed to this end. However, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Franz J. Schreiber , Jens Eisert , Johannes Jakob Meyer

Quantum state tomography via local measurements is an efficient tool for characterizing quantum states. However it requires that the original global state be uniquely determined (UD) by its local reduced density matrices (RDMs). In this…

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

Quantum state tomography is an essential component of modern quantum technology. In application to continuous-variable harmonic-oscilator systems, such as the electromagnetic field, existing tomography methods typically reconstruct the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-09 Ekaterina Fedotova , Nikolai Kuznetsov , Egor Tiunov , A. E. Ulanov , A. I. Lvovsky

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements, which can be solved by learning a parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Herschel Rabitz

Quantum state tomography, which aims to find the best description of a quantum state -- the density matrix, is an essential building block in quantum computation and communication. Standard techniques for state tomography are incapable of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-18 Markus Rambach , Akram Youssry , Marco Tomamichel , Jacquiline Romero

Extracting tomographic information about quantum states is a crucial task in the quest towards devising high-precision quantum devices. Current schemes typically require measurement devices for tomography that are a priori calibrated to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-13 Ingo Roth , Jadwiga Wilkens , Dominik Hangleiter , Jens Eisert

Randomized measurements are increasingly appreciated as powerful tools to estimate properties of quantum systems, e.g., in the characterization of hybrid classical-quantum computation. On many platforms they constitute natively accessible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-08 E. Onorati , J. Kitzinger , J. Helsen , M. Ioannou , A. H. Werner , I. Roth , J. Eisert

The possible state space dimension increases exponentially with respect to the number of qubits. This feature makes the quantum state tomography expensive and impractical for identifying the state of merely several qubits. The recent…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Kezhi Li , Shuang Cong