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Building scalable quantum computers requires quantum error-correcting codes that enable reliable operations in the presence of noise. Motivated by such need, this paper introduces two constructions of high-rate, quantum dual-containing (DC)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alessio Baldelli , Marco Baldi , Massimo Battaglioni , Franco Chiaraluce , Paolo Santini

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes with good parameters are promising candidates for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing, but their non-local stabilizers require long-range connectivity and frequent qubit movement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Swayangprabha Shaw , Narayanan Rengaswamy

Quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are an important instance of proto-graph-based LDPC codes. In this paper we present upper bounds on the minimum Hamming distance of QC LDPC codes and study how these upper bounds…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Roxana Smarandache , Pascal O. Vontobel

Fault-tolerant quantum computers will depend crucially on the performance of the classical decoding algorithm which takes in the results of measurements and outputs corrections to the errors inferred to have occurred. Machine learning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-18 John Blue , Harshil Avlani , Zhiyang He , Liu Ziyin , Isaac L. Chuang

Device error rates on current quantum computers have improved enough to where demonstrations of error correction below break-even are now possible. Still, the circuits required for quantum error correction introduce significant overhead and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Noah Berthusen , Shi Jie Samuel Tan , Eric Huang , Daniel Gottesman

Topological quantum error correction is a milestone in the scaling roadmap of quantum computers, which targets circuits with trillions of gates that would allow running quantum algorithms for real-world problems. The square-lattice surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 César Benito , Esperanza López , Borja Peropadre , Alejandro Bermudez

The relation between parity-check matrices of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and biadjacency matrices of bipartite graphs supports searching for powerful LDPC block codes. Using the principle of tailbiting, compact…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-17 Irina E. Bocharova , Florian Hug , Rolf Johannesson , Boris D. Kudryashov , Roman V. Satyukov

We consider automorphism ensemble decoding (AED) of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Belief propagation (BP) decoding on the conventional factor graph is equivariant to the quasi-cyclic automorphisms and therefore…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Marvin Geiselhart , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Jannis Clausius , Stephan ten Brink

We study analytically and numerically decoding properties of finite rate hypergraph-product quantum LDPC codes obtained from random (3,4)-regular Gallager codes, with a simple model of independent X and Z errors. Several non-trival lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 Alexey A. Kovalev , Sanjay Prabhakar , Ilya Dumer , Leonid P. Pryadko

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes together with belief propagation (BP) decoding yield exceptional error correction capabilities in the large block length regime. Yet, there remains a gap between BP decoding and maximum likelihood…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Jonathan Mandelbaum , Holger Jäkel , Laurent Schmalen

Early demonstrations of fault tolerant quantum systems have paved the way for logical-level compilation. For fault-tolerant applications to succeed, execution must finish with a low total program error rate (i.e., a low program failure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Sayam Sethi , Sahil Khan , Maxwell Poster , Abhinav Anand , Jonathan Mark Baker

We propose a new type of short to moderate block-length, linear error-correcting codes, called moderate-density parity-check (MDPC) codes. The number of ones of the parity-check matrix of the codes presented is typically higher than the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-11-18 Samuel Ouzan , Yair Be'ery

The family of hyperbolic surface codes is one of the rare families of quantum LDPC codes with non-zero rate and unbounded minimum distance. First, we introduce a family of hyperbolic color codes. This produces a new family of quantum LDPC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-29 Nicolas Delfosse

We propose a new family of polar coding which realizes high coding gain, low complexity, and high throughput by introducing a protograph-based design. The proposed technique called as quasi-cyclic (QC) polar codes can be highly parallelized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Ye Wang

The decoding throughput in the postprocessing is one of the bottlenecks for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system. In this paper, we propose a layered decoder to decode quasi-cyclic multi-edge type LDPC (QC-METLDPC)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-21 Yang Li , Xiaofang Zhang , Yong Li , Bingjie Xu , Li Ma , Jie Yang , Wei Huang

We propose a low-complexity method to find quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check block codes with girth 10 or 12 and shorter length than those designed through classical approaches. The method is extended to time-invariant spatially coupled…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Mohammad H. Tadayon , Alireza Tasdighi , Massimo Battaglioni , Marco Baldi , Franco Chiaraluce

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising approach for realizing low-overhead logical quantum memories. Recent theoretical developments have established shift automorphisms as a fundamental building block…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Younghun Kim , Spiro Gicev , Martin Sevior , Muhammad Usman

It is the prevailing belief that quantum error correcting techniques will be required to build a utility-scale quantum computer able to perform computations that are out of reach of classical computers. The QECCs that have been most…

We propose a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme that is broadly applicable to quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes. The scheme achieves constant qubit overhead and a time overhead of $O(d^{a+o(1)})$ for any $[[n,k,d]]$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Guo Zhang , Yuanye Zhu , Ying Li

Recent work by Divsalar et al. has shown that properly designed protograph-based low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes typically have minimum (Hamming) distance linearly increasing with block length. This fact rests on ensemble arguments…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-02-22 Brian K. Butler , Paul H. Siegel