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This study investigates behavior-targeted attacks on reinforcement learning and their countermeasures. Behavior-targeted attacks aim to manipulate the victim's behavior as desired by the adversary through adversarial interventions in state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Shojiro Yamabe , Kazuto Fukuchi , Jun Sakuma

Machine learning models are currently being deployed in a variety of real-world applications where model predictions are used to make decisions about healthcare, bank loans, and numerous other critical tasks. As the deployment of artificial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Yuxin Ma , Tiankai Xie , Jundong Li , Ross Maciejewski

Achieving truly adaptive embodied intelligence requires agents that learn not just by imitating static demonstrations, but by continuously improving through environmental interaction, which is akin to how humans master skills through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zechen Bai , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou

Recent progress in deep reinforcement learning (RL) and computer vision enables artificial agents to solve complex tasks, including locomotion, manipulation and video games from high-dimensional pixel observations. However, domain specific…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Ruihan Zhao , Ufuk Topcu , Sandeep Chinchali , Mariano Phielipp

Recent studies reveal that a well-trained deep reinforcement learning (RL) policy can be particularly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations on input observations. Therefore, it is crucial to train RL agents that are robust against any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yongyuan Liang , Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Furong Huang

Recent studies show that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which attack DRL models by adding small perturbations to the observations. However, some attacks assume full availability of the victim…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Xinlei Pan , Chaowei Xiao , Warren He , Shuang Yang , Jian Peng , Mingjie Sun , Jinfeng Yi , Zijiang Yang , Mingyan Liu , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Reinforcement learning often uses neural networks to solve complex control tasks. However, neural networks are sensitive to input perturbations, which makes their deployment in safety-critical environments challenging. This work lifts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Manuel Wendl , Lukas Koller , Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

We focus on the problem of adversarial attacks against models on discrete sequential data in the black-box setting where the attacker aims to craft adversarial examples with limited query access to the victim model. Existing black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Deokjae Lee , Seungyong Moon , Junhyeok Lee , Hyun Oh Song

We introduce an order-invariant reinforcement learning framework for black-box combinatorial optimization. Classical estimation-of-distribution algorithms (EDAs) often rely on learning explicit variable dependency graphs, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Olivier Goudet , Quentin Suire , Adrien Goëffon , Frédéric Saubion , Sylvain Lamprier

Vision-language models (VLMs) have significantly advanced autonomous driving (AD) by enhancing reasoning capabilities; however, these models remain highly susceptible to adversarial attacks. While existing research has explored white-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Lu Wang , Tianyuan Zhang , Yang Qu , Siyuan Liang , Yuwei Chen , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Neural networks are known to be vulnerable to carefully crafted adversarial examples, and these malicious samples often transfer, i.e., they remain adversarial even against other models. Although great efforts have been delved into the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-27 Yantao Lu , Yunhan Jia , Jianyu Wang , Bai Li , Weiheng Chai , Lawrence Carin , Senem Velipasalar

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained via imitation learning suffer from significant performance degradation in data-scarce scenarios due to their reliance on large-scale demonstration datasets. Although reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junjin Xiao , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Ronghan Chen , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu , Wei-Shi Zheng , Qing Zhang

The vulnerability of the high-performance machine learning models implies a security risk in applications with real-world consequences. Research on adversarial attacks is beneficial in guiding the development of machine learning models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yiran Huang , Yexu Zhou , Michael Hefenbrock , Till Riedel , Likun Fang , Michael Beigl

Adversarial example generation becomes a viable method for evaluating the robustness of a machine learning model. In this paper, we consider hard-label black-box attacks (a.k.a. decision-based attacks), which is a challenging setting that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Zhenxin Xiao , Puyudi Yang , Yuchen Jiang , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

The paper focuses on the problem of learning saccades enabling visual object search. The developed system combines reinforcement learning with a neural network for learning to predict the possible outcomes of its actions. We validated the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Tomasz Kornuta , Kamil Rocki

With the widespread application of deep learning across various domains, concerns about its security have grown significantly. Among these, backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). In recent years,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Wenmin Chen , Xiaowei Xu

Adversarial robustness of BEV 3D object detectors is critical for autonomous driving (AD). Existing invasive attacks require altering the target vehicle itself (e.g. attaching patches), making them unrealistic and impractical for real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Aixuan Li , Mochu Xiang , Bosen Hou , Zhexiong Wan , Jing Zhang , Yuchao Dai

Deep neural networks are widely used in various fields because of their powerful performance. However, recent studies have shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., adding a slight perturbation to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Youhuan Yang , Lei Sun , Leyu Dai , Song Guo , Xiuqing Mao , Xiaoqin Wang , Bayi Xu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known for their vulnerability to adversarial examples. These are examples that have undergone small, carefully crafted perturbations, and which can easily fool a DNN into making misclassifications at test…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Linxi Jiang , Xingjun Ma , Shaoxiang Chen , James Bailey , Yu-Gang Jiang

We present a generic Reinforcement Learning (RL) framework optimized for crafting adversarial attacks on different model types spanning from ECG signal analysis (1D), image classification (2D), and video classification (3D). The framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Soumyendu Sarkar , Ashwin Ramesh Babu , Sajad Mousavi , Vineet Gundecha , Avisek Naug , Sahand Ghorbanpour
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