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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) promise enhanced reasoning by integrating diverse inputs such as text, vision, and audio. Yet cross-modal reasoning remains underexplored, with conflicting reports on whether added modalities help or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yucheng Wang , Yifan Hou , Aydin Javadov , Mubashara Akhtar , Mrinmaya Sachan

Ensuring the robustness of deep learning models requires comprehensive and diverse testing. Existing approaches, often based on simple data augmentation techniques or generative adversarial networks, are limited in producing realistic and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Luciano Baresi , Davide Yi Xian Hu , Muhammad Irfan Mas'udi , Giovanni Quattrocchi

Predictive models trained on imbalanced data tend to produce biased results. This problem is exacerbated when there is not just one output label, but a set of them. This is the case for multilabel learning (MLL) algorithms used to classify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Francisco Charte , Miguel Ángel Dávila , María Dolores Pérez-Godoy , María José del Jesus

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Recently, large-scale diffusion models, e.g., Stable diffusion and DallE2, have shown remarkable results on image synthesis. On the other hand, large-scale cross-modal pre-trained models (e.g., CLIP, ALIGN, and FILIP) are competent for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Runhui Huang , Jianhua Han , Guansong Lu , Xiaodan Liang , Yihan Zeng , Wei Zhang , Hang Xu

Educational illustrations play a central role in communicating abstract concepts, yet current multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remain limited in producing pedagogically coherent and semantically consistent educational visuals. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhenyu Wu , Jian Li , Hua Huang

This paper introduces a generative model designed for multimodal control over text-to-image foundation generative AI models such as Stable Diffusion, specifically tailored for engineering design synthesis. Our model proposes parametric,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Rui Zhou , Yanxia Zhang , Chenyang Yuan , Frank Permenter , Nikos Arechiga , Matt Klenk , Faez Ahmed

Multimodal meta-learning is a recent problem that extends conventional few-shot meta-learning by generalizing its setup to diverse multimodal task distributions. This setup makes a step towards mimicking how humans make use of a diverse set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Milad Abdollahzadeh , Touba Malekzadeh , Ngai-Man Cheung

In the latest advancements in multimodal learning, effectively addressing the spatial and semantic losses of visual data after encoding remains a critical challenge. This is because the performance of large multimodal models is positively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Shaojun E , Yuchen Yang , Jiaheng Wu , Yan Zhang , Tiejun Zhao , Ziyan Chen

Recent text-to-image models produce high-quality results but still struggle with precise visual control, balancing multimodal inputs, and requiring extensive training for complex multimodal image generation. To address these limitations, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haozhe Zhao , Zefan Cai , Shuzheng Si , Liang Chen , Jiuxiang Gu , Wen Xiao , Minjia Zhang , Junjie Hu

The field of advanced text-to-image generation is witnessing the emergence of unified frameworks that integrate powerful text encoders, such as CLIP and T5, with Diffusion Transformer backbones. Although there have been efforts to control…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Liang Chen , Shuai Bai , Wenhao Chai , Weichu Xie , Haozhe Zhao , Leon Vinci , Junyang Lin , Baobao Chang

Large-scale training of latent diffusion models (LDMs) has enabled unprecedented quality in image generation. However, the key components of the best performing LDM training recipes are oftentimes not available to the research community,…

Masked diffusion models (MDMs) for text offer a compelling alternative to traditional autoregressive language models. Parallel generation makes them efficient, but their computational capabilities and the limitations inherent in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anej Svete , Ashish Sabharwal

Unified multimodal models integrate the reasoning capacity of large language models with both image understanding and generation, showing great promise for advanced multimodal intelligence. However, the community still lacks a rigorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hongxiang Li , Yaowei Li , Bin Lin , Yuwei Niu , Yuhang Yang , Xiaoshuang Huang , Jiayin Cai , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Long Chen

Tabular Foundation Models have recently established the state of the art in supervised tabular learning, by leveraging pretraining to learn generalizable representations of numerical and categorical structured data. However, they lack…

Text-to-image generation advancements have been predominantly English-centric, creating barriers for non-English speakers and perpetuating digital inequities. While existing systems rely on translation pipelines, these introduce semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Mohammad Mahdi Derakhshani , Dheeraj Varghese , Marzieh Fadaee , Cees G. M. Snoek

Multimodal misinformation floods on various social media, and continues to evolve in the era of AI-generated content (AIGC). The emerged misinformation with low creation cost and high deception poses significant threats to society. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Junjie Wu , Guohong Fu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in solving text-based mathematical problems, but they struggle with mathematical diagrams since they are primarily trained on natural scene images. For humans, visual aids generally enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Wenwen Zhuang , Xin Huang , Xiantao Zhang , Jin Zeng

Contact languages like English exhibit rich regional variations in the form of dialects, which are often used by dialect speakers interacting with generative models. However, can multimodal generative models effectively produce content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yu Zhou , Sohyun An , Haikang Deng , Da Yin , Clark Peng , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng